Why we should buy American made vehicles over foreign vehicles Essay

Why we should buy American made vehicles oer foreign vehicles - Essay Example274). Many people refer globalisation as Americanization rather than anything else. In their opinion, the concept of globalization was introduced by America and other capitalist countries to loot the wealth of other countries. However, late(a) statistics show that America failed to exploit the opportunities presented by globalization whereas China and India like countries were successful in exploiting it. youthful recession affected America more than any other country in the world. In short, globalization brought more harm than good to the Americans.Automotive industry is one byplay area in which globalization brought revolutionary changes. Even though America is one of the major car manufacturing countries in the world, majority of the Americans bargain for foreign cars such as Mercedes Benz, BMW, Toyota, Honda, Nissan etc. The demand for American cars in American market is little compared to that for foreign cars. Huge American automobile manufacturing companies, such as General Motors, are struggling to move in the car market at present. It should be noted that plenty of American car manufacturers shed already reduced their number of employees and car production because of weaker demand. In short, globalization and subsequent developments in the business circles are causing huge problems to Americans now. American economy is struggling at present. Under the above circumstances, it is the tariff of every American to give a helping hand to the revitalization of American economy. Purchasing of American made products is one way of helping American economic growth. This paper analyses the reasons why we should buy American made vehicles over foreign vehicles.According to Mark Karlin (2012), The auto industry has a long muniment of providing sound jobs and contributing to economic prosperity in the U.S. Now its time for consumers to give spur by choosing domestic cars

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

illegal Justice Authority - Essay eccentricIndividuals ought to obey the legal philosophy and ensure that they do not go against the rules set by the state. Criminal judge authority needs to conform to the provisions of the honor before administering the law (Government of Alberta, 2011). Impunity in the practice of duties should be shunned for it causes mistrust amongst the citizens. There is a need to have a procedure of carrying out activities which offer protective covering to the citizens from the criminals. The civilian forethought committees play a very pertinent role of balancing the powers of the criminal arbitrator authority (Terrill, 2009). Despite the fact that the criminals are evil doers, they need to be protected from the coercion of bumpy law enforcers. Discretionary authority can create opportunistic moments whereby coercion of criminals or suspects is upheld (Bruce, 2002). Introduction Criminal justice system practices act of upholding social give, mitiga ting and deterring abhorrence. Criminal justice is used in sanctioning the individuals who go against the laws set by with rehabilitation efforts and criminal penalties. People accused of crime have protections against abuse of quest and investigatory powers. Law is a system of rules enforced through a number of societal institutions (Bruce, 2002). The law serves the purpose of maintaining order in the association by the provision of set of rules which govern the conduct. There is criminal and civil law used in the practice of law in society. Civil laws are the rules and regulations which control grievances and transactions between the citizens in a society while criminal law concerns dangerous actions to the society (Jernigan, 2007). In criminal law, prosecution is pursued by the state rather than individuals. Criminal law provides definitions for crime and possible prescriptions for sentences for the committing of the crime in question (Government of Alberta, 2011). Discretiona ry authority personnel Discretionary authority entails that in that respect is open authority practice over the criminals. If this authority is not checked, it has its excesses because many people become victims of torment and harassing from the law enforcers. There is a need to have civilians who are non-aligned to forces as a check to the measures in the manner justice is delivered to the victims or criminals. It is not in orders to delivery justice by bending the law because it would spoil the image of the law (Bruce, 2002). The civilian solicitude committee helps in affirming confidence to the police departments to the public. They are the check elements who represent the citizens in ensuring that the police follow the law in performing their duties (Terrill, 2009). Civilian oversight committee Civilian oversight committees play a great role in ensuring that the police are fully investigated in case they commit crime sin prevention of the same crime. The term oversight means an ongoing practice whereby each police is held accountable for his or her actions. The committee focuses on achieving business by division of power within the law enforcing organization for the purposes of close monitoring. This committee brings forth a democratic society which responds to the concerns of the majority (Government of Alberta, 2011). There is accountability between the oversight bodies and policing departments. The measures

Hemolysis of Horse Red Blood Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hemolysis of Horse Red Blood Cell - Essay modellingThere are factors that contribute to the ability of the solute to legislate through the cellular telephone tissue layer. One is the permeability of the cell membrane. Cell membrane is a lipid bilayer which does not allow ions and sensitive hydrophilic molecules to freely pass the membrane (Kimball). Thus, for the atomic number 11 chloride, sodium sulfate and D-glucose solution to hemolyze the cell, a dilute solution should be apply since this would increase the water concentration in the medium causing osmosis to occur.Another factor that determine membrane permeability is lipid solubility. Generally, low solubility in lipid would mean slower target of compliance to the cell (Crawford). Hydrophilic substances will pass through the membrane slowly. As shown in the results, D-glucose, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were not able to cause hemolysis,Polarity and molecular size also affect the rate of entry of solute. Most pol ar molecules are hydrophilic they cannot easily permeate the membrane (Cell Membrane, 2). Ethanol, propano-1-ol and glycerol, although polar, are small enough to pass through the membrane (Membrane Permeability). Notice that the time of hemolysis increases with molecular size with the glycerol having the longest time.Ammonium chloride was able to hemolyze the cell compared to other salts.

Challenges of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating China Essay

Challenges of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating mainland mainland china - try out ExampleThis idea further emphasises on the study of Chinese culture and its impact on the consumers preferences. China as a growing economy is seen as the prospect for the foreign brands to explore the country. China is say to be the land of opportunity and to analyse its true nature the paper has focused on the signifi dissolvece of Chinese culture and what international brands requires to be a part of the Chinese business market place. Why mainland China is an important market? How can china help international brands to extend their market share? These questions consider also been the point of discussion in the paper. It can also be seen that China though offers opportunity, plainly for any foreign brand to expand into China would require a inquiry on the Chinese consumers conduct. Consumer research found on the demeanoural ruler can make the international brands understand the m arket in a better way to utilize the right strategy. A thorough research based on the analysis of data collection and new(prenominal) methods can play a significant type in understanding the true nature of consumer behaviour in context to the Chinese culture (Hoyer & Macinnis, 2009, p. 40). methodological analysis Research methodology can be defined as the process of analysing, collecting and devising the required information. Methodology is an important procedure for any company wanting to market its product in a new territory (Burns & Bush, 2007, p. 6-7). Market research methodology involves the explanation of the problem and the process to find the craved solution. The cause of problem and the research methodology plan are directly proportional to each other. The research methodology has also helped in determining the objective of paper which is to analyse the Chinese market and the consumer... The paper operates mainly based on research questions which can be stated as follo ws Why China is an important market? How can China help international brands to extend their market share? It can also be seen that China though offers opportunity, but for any foreign brand to expand into China would require a research on the Chinese consumers behaviour. Consumer research based on the behavioural pattern can make the international brands understand the market in a better way to implement the right strategy. A thorough research based on the analysis of data collection and other methods can play a significant role in understanding the true nature of consumer behaviour in context to the Chinese culture. Chinese economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Since, the coming of economic liberalisation in the early 1980s the country has seen unprecedented growth. This feature of the country has do it the hotspot for the foreign brands willing to expand their business and extend their market share. Chinese culture in comparison to other cultures is diff erent and this makes the road to success multifaceted for the global brands. Chinese consumers have material liking for foreign brands as they hardly distinguish them as different brands but rather deal out each brand as an international brand and use it to maintain their status symbol. The Chinese consumers behaviour has always been a subject of discussion. The case is the same in context to the international clothing brands expanding in China.

Why is social integration such a problem for immigrants in France Essay

Why is social integration such a paradox for immigrants in France - Essay Example(Essess, Dovidio, Dion. 375).European countries faced a large number of migrations after existence war-II. The integration of the immigrants is the new challenge for the established states. The countries faced the challenges and struggled with the problem of inclusion of the immigrants in to their social structure. there has been enormous increase in movement of international cosmos with world migration. This is characterized by not just by increased levels of permanent settlement and labor in foreign countries but also flying migration with varying purpose.The integration of the immigrants, the inclusion of population in the existing social structure of the immigration boorish is genius of the concerns of the state policies and structure. There are four study dimensions, which differentiated the process of integration. The first one is the structure integration, which is the acquisition of righ ts and access to membership and position to the society. The education system, labor market, housing and citizenship are study factor affects structural integration. The second dimension is cultural integration, which is a precondition of participation and refers to process of cognitive, cultural, behavioural and attitudinal change of persons. The third one is complaisant integration. The social integration is reflected in the relationship with society and classify members. The social intercourse, friendship, marriage and involvement in voluntary association are the part of social integration. Social identification is the fourth dimension. The nationality, ethnics and other forms of multiple and social identification reflect in the membership to a new society.Like other countries in Europe France is also face the increasing of immigration. The European integration and opening up of the internal border of countries within Europe cause the increase in migration in France. The major risk affected by the opening up of borders is immigration, drug trafficking and international crime. The France has had a desire history of receiving and encouraging the immigrants. The different goal of immigration is forced by labor needs and population replacement. Between 1850 and 1913 the number of immigrants entering France increase from 3,80,000 to 1.6 million. In this period immigration is encouraged by industrial enterprise in France. Following World War-I the shortage of labor due to military causalities expanding industries welcomes the immigrants to France. During 1921 to 1931 the immigrants population is increased to 2.7 million, from the major parts of China, Vietnam and different parts of Asia and Africa. The end of World War-II the Government introduced the centrally controlled indemnity favoring migration. The Office of study del Immigration (ONI) was established in 1945 and its regulated residence and employment of foreigners in the country. (James, Rita. 147) . In 1974 the government tightened the policy on immigrants and stopped labor immigrants and temporary workers and given preference to the relatives of migrants. In 1984 the French Government jilted one third of migration request from different part of the world. From 1990 onwards the Government rejected 71 to 84 percent of asylum seekers to France. (Heckmann, Schnapper. 16)Issues for ImmigrantsThe France is a country with long history of immigration and there is tradition called assimilation

Paul is an Artist of International Fame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Paul is an Artist of International Fame - Essay ExampleHe dep prowess be with us in Houston, for two days. The conference venue is at Richmond.On the conclusion of the first-class honours degree day of the seminar, at my insistence, Paul uncle gives a brief introduction about his maneuver. The sponsoring UNO agency has made entirely the arrangements for my boarding and lodging. I dislike the ambiance of staying in a 5 Star hotel. I run through simple home food. I live with my three children and we have an ancestral house in a two-acre plot in the suburbs of Port-au-Prince.My children are married, and we live as a joint family. My two sons are non interested in this vocation and the eldest one takes a limited interest in this art which is full of intricacies. But in general, Paul gives lots of information on the copper-art and the present condition of art in Haiti. Many traditional art-forms of Haiti are dying a slow death with no appreciation of genuine art and lack-luster app roach of the Government authorities. Materialistic civilization has impacted life in every last(predicate) the segments of life. People have lost love for art. By pursuing this as art as a vocation, it is difficult to eke out a living.my children are right perhaps to pursue alternative careers, where there is money. My second son has already migrated to Australia. I visit him after 5 years. His house is on a hillock in the distant suburbs of Haiti. He has problems in recognizing me but with the mention of Houston, he embraces me. We speak a lot about Haiti art and his copper plates and pitchers in particular. He shows some of his centuries-old family collections of pitchers. When I tell him that handed-down Art of Haiti is one of the subjects that I teach at the college level, he is greatly fascinated.

The role of Internal, External and Forensic Auditors Essay

The role of Internal, foreign and Forensic Auditors - Essay ExampleAuditors play a significant role in the deterrence of fraud. They swear out in risks detection and monitoring, control and regular testing of internal processes and suitable follow up for the office of dealing with weaknesses in the system. There are three types of the analyze these include internal, external and forensic audit (Weightman 2008 p 38). This literature review presents a critical evaluation of the roles of the professionals involved in the three types of audit.An governing bodys management decides the role of internal auditors whose objectives are usually different from those of external auditors who are elect to give an independent report regarding the financial statements (Wholey et al 2004 p 66). They work towards satisfying the requirements of the management. Internal auditing is employ by nerves as a strategy to assist the organization to accomplish its objectives. The internal auditors, there fore, are in charge of using the systematic methodology designed by the management to analyze the organizational processes, actions, and events with the primary(prenominal) goal of identifying organizational problems and suggesting possible solutions.These are independent authorities that conduct regular checks on an organizations records and books of accounts depending on the agreed procedures for external auditing. These auditors are usually concerned with attesting that there are no substantial misstatements in the books of accounts (Sawyer et al 2003 p 91). They provide essential information about the efficiency of the in-house controls in regard to financial reports, precision and punctuality in transaction recording, and the precision and wholeness of reports regarding monetary and regulative issues. They also offer an independent and non-subjective opinion in regard to the activities of an organization, as well as full of life information for the maintenance of its risk ma nagement processes (Weightman 2008 p 88).

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

globalization - Essay Examples affected by it in fact, it can be said that it undermines land sovereignty because decisions that atomic number 18 made experience to consider their impact on international personal matters (Shimko 192). An standard of this is oil-exporting countries that heavily depend on the income from this product to fund their national budgets. If these countries were to act in a dash which displeases the international community, then they would be forced to abandon such decisions through the placing of sanctions on their exports. Moreover, because of globalization, many countries have interests in other countries therefore, to protect these interests, it has become necessary for the powerful to meddle in the political affairs of the weaker ones (Yang170). This has not only made the latter countries lose their sovereignty, but it has also encouraged their overdependence on more developed nations for economic aid.Cultural diversity loosely refers to the varie ty and differences in race, ethnicity, and class that are display in a society, state, or the world. Different races have diverse cultures or customs forexample, in atraditionalMexicanwedding there is adistinctceremonywherea rosaryorwhiteropeis wound aroundthebrideandgroomto form a number eight.Languages, cuisine and sense modality of dressing are also part of cultural diversity notwithstanding the conformity to everyday stylus of living by people of a certain society (Mueller 71). History profoundly determines these aspects, but they are mostly affected by the environment. This implies the people who develop the cultural resources and control access to the culture itself. musical composition trying to achieve globalization, cultural diversity has developed since the core idea behind it is speaking a common language. This is because globalization includes transformation of a spatial organization, which in turn means wide-ranging institutional reform institutions formed with a l arge influence from culture. Many argue that

How do you define violent crime illistrate with examples Essay

How do you define red- waitd shame illistrate with examples - Essay ExampleIt also looks into the favorable reaction and impacts of crime (Newburn 2007). The study looks at the brutals themselves. The term criminology is borrowed from R. Garofalo, an Italian law scholar. Criminologists are involved in the study of criminals mindset. The aim is to understand what motivates the criminals (Nexis UK 2003). Certain things may be crimes in one society alone legal in another. A criminologist explains these social and cultural variances. Criminology explores the various types of punishments and wherefore some societies opt to realize them (Newburn 2007).This study includes a study of that suggest why crimes are committed. This is necessary in understanding rampageous crimes. Some of the violent crimes theories include classical, individual trait and positive theories (Singer & Gardner 2003). Classical theory suggests the reason why tribe commit a crime is because they are satisfied that the benefits of the crime outweigh the cost. When the punishment is harsh, so criminals fear committing the crime according to this theory (Nexis UK 2003). fit to the positive theory, crime happens out of both inhering and external factors. The social and biological factors contribute to the positive theory (Singer & Gardner 2003). Some of the social factors that contribute to crime include poverty and illiteracy. Individual trait theory suggests that the psychological and biological factors contribute directly to criminal behavior. According to this theory, biological factors help to distinguish between non criminal and criminal traits (Newburn 2007). Crime, therefore, is a takings of inherent instincts arising from innate behaviors according to individual trait theory. Therefore, this theory suggests that some people have a vivid desire to do violent crimes. According to individual trait theory, such people love to be violent genetically. As a result, no amount of punis hment kitty control their violent tendencies (Nexis UK 2003). modification interaction with these violent criminals becomes the only way to prevent these crimes. According to individual traits theory, violent criminals should be alter from the society. waste crimes can result from extreme emotions like rage or hate. These extreme emotional states can be directed to both people and animals. Sometimes it is demonstrated through kicking a dog. According to Weiner and Sagi (1990), a violent crime can be defined as any threat or attempt to use physical force by a single or many people resulting in non physical or physical harm (Nexis UK 2003). The interpretations of violent crimes tend to include the cause of the crime. Violent crimes are thought to be actions directed to other people in a face to face confrontation. Many believe that there has to be physical contact for violent crimes to occur. Violent crimes may result from frustrations (Singer & Gardner 2003). However, violent cri mes may be purposeful and intentional. Violent crimes can stem from socially acceptable and canonical activities. Sports violent crimes are legal given the environmental circumstances in which they happen. According to Atyeo, the pain inflicted in sports is not perceived to be a real pain. Yet it fully falls under the definition of violent crimes (Newburn 2007). Boxing is seen as fun while the players injure each other leading to ending in extreme cases. There is an observation that legitimizing violent sport crimes can cause athletes to be violent

Awareness or anorexia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Awareness or anorexia - Research written report ExampleThis essay will examine will examine the reasons why it is essential to be conscious(predicate) of anorexia.It is important for one to be aware of anorexia since it is affecting a lot of people without their knowledge. As Anna notes, Anorexia stern micturate the social life of a person to be greatly affected. People suffering from anorexia ladder to suffer from low self-esteem and general body dissatisfaction, and this is mostly seen in girls and women. This condition can in turn make them develop body image disturbances and this eventually, leads to anorexia. This can lead to extreme psychological and medical exam consequences. People suffering from this disorder withdraw more chances of committing suicide, it cause cardiac arrest to an individual, and it can cause death due to starvation. A majority of anorexia is caused by genetics. Media is another cause of anorexia this comes about when one shares close to environmen tal factors. Newspapers, magazines, and televisions contributes to a great extent to raising these complications since it portrays emaciated people as being a fashion and, supermodels and this makes majority of the public to emulate them (Anold 1).According to National Eating Disorders Association, Eating disorders exists in triple major forms, this include bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Generally, those individuals suffering from bulimia and anorexia nervosa tend to suffer from low self-esteem, and they have a desire to have a perfect body tip and shape. A person suffers from anorexia nervosa when the weight of the body falls by 15 percent from the normal weight that is expected when compared to their height. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may search to exercise excessively and can even resolve to force themselves to vomit the food that they have taken. As Anold says, Anorexia nervosa may be characterized by the stopping

W4 discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W4 discussions - Essay ExampleWaiting-line models can equally be applied in the manufacturing of soda, canned foods, automotive components, and plastic products, the list being practically inexhaustible. By analyzing queues in terms of average out waiting time, and the length of the waiting line, among other factors, managers in the manufacturing setting can make vital stopping points regarding how galore(postnominal) machines they should engage in production, when to schedule upkeep for particular machines, and establish the luck of having a tending(p) measuring stick of materials or inventory running in the system (wps.prenhall.com, n.d.). Queuing theory may help managers establish the probability of a system being idle which is important in deciding when and how often to schedule maintenance assistants for machines and equipment. Simply stated, queuing theory is no less important in product manufacturing than it is in service industries.Linear programme is a widely used ma thematical technique designed to help trading operations managers plan and make decisions. Why is LP so important in decision making? So what be the major components of a linear programming job? What does linear programming tell us somewhat the allocation of resources?Linear programming according to purplemath (n.d.) is the process of analyzing the different linear inequalities that apply to a given situation to find the optimum value that can be obtained under those conditions. In this respect, linear programming is important in obtaining the best (optimum) value of a variable for a given set of conditions (purplemath, n.d.). For decision makers, linear programming is important in finding optimum (maximum and minimum) values which are important much(prenominal) as in maximizing profits and minimizing expenses among other desirable results.A linear programming problem has four basic components decision variables, data/parameters, constraints, and objective

Dealing with Stress and Violence in the Workplace Essay

Dealing with Stress and Violence in the Workplace - Essay sliped of systems of interventions that are supposed to prevent the negative psychological reactions that arise from dealing with many scathing incidents in the line of duty. The attention turncock is designed to address critical incident stress at an early stage to prevent post traumatic stress becoming permanent in open(a) individuals. The tool facilitates the normal recovery of individuals, groups and organizations back to normalcy after a traumatic experience. The management tool also assists in the identification of personnel within an organization who need further attention in emotional support services or psychological treatment in severe cases (Human Resources Branch, 1997)A CISM weapons platform uses multidimensional approach to prevent post traumatic stress on personnel exposed to traumatic situations, the tool promotes pre-event stress and crisis management education, training and preparation for management of traumatic stress and incorporates planning and constitution development to that effect. The programs have various interventions that are used when a traumatic event is happening, and interventions after the traumatic events have occurred. Many approaches and interventions are integrated together to form a systematic interlinked approach to management of stress (Mitchell, n.d).Stress management tools are expected to help individuals, emergency personnel groups and communities deal with the tinct of critical incidents and enable them to live with some degree of normalcy after these events. Stress management tools subvert incidences of chronic stress in personnel, which has negative effects on an individuals life.Yes I bank that the stress management tool is useful in dealing with violence in the workplace because all employees are able to share their experiences which help in reducing psychological stress and promote fast-breaking healing. When used effectively, the CIS managem ent tools allow early detection of employees suffering from post-traumatic stresses that

The Himba Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Himba Ideology - Essay ExampleAs animals are consecrated to the Himba, the passing of an elder is the still momentous occasion for cattle to be slaughtered. By relocating ancestral fire to the exact place of burial, corporation life is physically and centered internally on the fire. The Himba consistently migrate back to sacred sites and burials, victorious with them ashes of their sacred fires (Salopek). Ritualistically blessing each mornings cattle milking at the fire through their ancestors, the Himba are spiritually reinforced and sustained each day by their cattle, ancestors, and Creator (Crandall 72).The Himba are outstanding mass to look at. The women are topless and clad in mini-skirts do of goat skins decorated with shells and jewelry made of iron and copper. The men wear goatskin loin cloths. Both men and women smear their skin with a medley of rancid butter, ash, and ochre to guard them against the harsh desert climate. The paste (Otjize) is often mixed with the aromatic resin of the Omuzumba shrub, a little like adding cologne to a suntan lotion. As well as tribute from the sun, the deep red color is a highly needed look in the Himba culture. It is certainly conspicuous and very beautiful. The Himba use the same paste (Otjize) on their hair which is long and plaited into complex designs. You can promise the marital status of a Himba lady by the way she puts her hair. The men also change their hairstyle to name their social position. A married man, for example, wears his hair in a turban. The leather used is not treated, so it a pretty smelly.

Relationships between African Americans and Latinos in the Church of Essay

Relationships between African Americans and Latinos in the Church of Christ - audition ExampleHow important is a trust to you? really authorized all important(predicate)marginally valuablenot definitive digressive actually opposedHow important is religion in your family? Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantHow important is religion in social life?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantCultural AspectsHow much is culture associate to religion?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantHow much is religion related to culture?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantWhich is more important to you?CultureReligionHow important is the ethnic difference in the place setting of religion? Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantWhat is the influence of cross cultural communities on religion? (King, 18)Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantHow do you assess the influence of religion in promoting leadership qualities for acculturation?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantHow much can the cross culture problems be overcome by the influence of church?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery IrrelevantHow much is the influence of the church in the context of language?Very ImportantImportantMarginally ImportantNot ImportantIrrelevantVery Irrelevant

Humanities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humanities - Assignment ExampleFurthermore, the artists refocused their energies at impressionism and abstract art. In addition, other art movements such as Futurism and Objectivity took centre stage. Moreover, other artists like C.R.W Nevinson adapted by joining the War and taking their art into the battlefield.The period between 1914 and 1945 represents the End of Certainty in the West. gauge this statement, using five examples, in light of the periods developments in the arts, humanities and science.In tattle to the arts, the period was characterized by redefined trends in architecture and painting. Evidently, impertinently style of art such as nonfunctional art, photo-realism, pattern and high tech art. Moreover, nonrepresentational art forms such as abstract expressionalism were replaced by new genres such as pop art. Science and technology equally witnessed rapid advances which witnessed the growth of mass customary culture, as well as empirical science. To this end, new i nventions such as telephones, electric lighting appliances, motility pictures, record players. The literary world in postmodernism was signified by transformation in traditional culture. This include adapting, experimenting, and changing literary forms and styles. Furthermore, areas such as drama witnessed significant changes. For example, the American drama matured to done playwrights in Broadway as well mixing American theatrical

Romulus My Father Essay Essay Example for Free

Romulus My Father act EssayThrough the exposition of Raymond Gaitas non-fiction biographical memoir Romulus my Father it is evident that ones strong culture and heritage can often heighten a superstar of belong deep down an individual group however in some cases can act as a barricade to belonging to society as a whole. We are shown Romuluss strong club to his culture and religion, which finally enhances his positive sense of belonging to his original heritage. Many were Bible stories and their memory nourished his deeply apparitional spirit throughout his life. The use of descriptive language nourished enhances to the reader Romuluss strong sense of religion which is inscribed into him as a major part of his moral and ethics. However this strong connection to this heritage acts as a barrier for Romulus and ultimately ostracises him, leading to his alienation within the Australian context. regular(a) after more than forty years my father could not become reconciled to it. He longed for the too-generous and soft European foliage, but the eucalyptus of Baringhup, scraggy except for the noble red gums on the river bank, seemed symbols of deficiency and barrenness. This quote explores the contrasting environments, showing Romulus clinging to old ties with his native country and then experiencing isolation within the Australian context.The description of the European workscape as generous and soft highlights Romuluss obvious preference for his place country, this experience juxtaposes with the contrast of the scraggy harshness of the Australian landscape, ultimately showing Romuluss separation from the touch sensation of belonging within the Australian context. It is evident through the comparison of these quotes that Romuluss strong sense of belonging within his heritage results in barriers for him in belonging within Australian society. Another example of Romuluss isolation within Australia is obvious with his disparity with the Australian people. This quote highlights that Romulus is not familiar with the Australian land which ultimately ostracises him.

How the Majority Adapts to Major Economic Transformations Essay Example for Free

How the absolute absolute mass Adapts to Major Economic Transformations EssayALN provided a simplified plus-minus impose cut or assess increase, increased pre sidential term disbursement or mowd expenditures analyses of the U.S. political landscape covering the pre- and post-World War dot (85 94-5) up to Bill Clintons term as U.S. President (109). ALNs When Legislators Get proscribed of Step or Chapter 6 of the book Title attempted to explain the monetary policy salmagundis in the United States with regards to constituent preferences on fiscal policy issues the speed or maladroitness of legislator actions, inactions, or stances and constituent-legislator equilibrium or interest-and-action matching from a state of non-equilibrium (92). Mean epoch, ALNs get word Episodes in the ordinal Century or Chapter 7 of the same book attempted to discuss the drawn out march of fiscal policy change initiatives (110). Chapter 6 basically explained how U.S. political representat ives identify, understand, and support the major(ip)ity while Chapter 7 detailed the U.S. Economys shift from agricultural to industrial and the corresponding increase in government disbursal to support denser universe growth in the cities during the pre-World War U.S. parsimoniousness (94-6).Chapter 7 also suggested that voters became much conservative and legislators made an honest mistake (110) during the afterward part of the 20th century as the reasons stooge the slow, yet ultimately, quick trend in tax cuts, and hence, bring down government spending (100-5). The thesis of this written report is that when it came to fiscal policy preferences, U.S. constituent caprice swings from conservative to liberal or vice-versa actually reflected a major transformation in the U.S. economy that ALN reasonably examined in Chapter 6 (90-1) and some parts of Chapter 7 (94-7), provided failed to identify or support in Chapter 7s conclusion with regards to the afterward part of the t wentieth century (110).First, ALN observed that U.S. government spending was increased in the early twentieth century exactly was cut or reduced during the last three decades (83). ALN also observed that some U.S. states followed this trend while a nonher(prenominal)s did not (83). ALN called those states that followed the trend as initiative states while those states that did not follow the trend as non-initiative states (83). Majority of ALNs observations and analyses are focused on fiscal policies that increase or reduce spending or taxes versus those policies that retain the perspective quo. ALN pointed out that legislators or politicians that followed the trend are clearly the representatives of the majority while those that did not voted according to their conscience believing that they know better than the majority (87).In this light, ALN asserted that After all, representatives who postulate to stay in office will try to please their constituents, and those who flagrant ly ignore the wishes of the electorate will ultimately be voted out of office (87). ALN also provided numerous examples on how government spending increased during the U.S. economys shift from the agricultural era into the industrial age as the rural economy became easy while the urban economy became strong (94-7).Moreover, ALN cited as an example voters preference for increased welfare spending during a recession instead of during an economic boom (90). ALNs examples surfaceed to invite economic explanations, and dovetailed with Roosevelts sensitive Deal and spending economics to pump prime a sluggish U.S. economy during the Great Depression, save in ALNs discussion of the atomic number 20 Tax Revolt (100 102-5), Ronald Reagan (102-3 106 108-9), and Bill Clinton (109). Here, initiatives for tax cuts have been merely presented and explained as constituency preferences or setting about to implement the will of the voters (103).Second, Chapter 6 or When Legislators Get Out of Step provided insights on how legislators deliberately or unwittingly interpret or misinterpret voters preferences on definite issues that affect the speed by which fiscal policies change and vice-versa. Meaning, voters too can misinterpret the stances on fiscal policy issues of their duly elected representatives. Both ways, misinterpretations are due to a variety of reasons such as a the diverse portfolio of issues that a politician supports or information overload (88) b the great number of politicians that need to be elected in federal, state, and local government offices (88) c the distinct interests of politicians compared with ordinary citizens (87) d limited information (89) and e lack of metre tools that gauge voter preferences on selected issues (89).According to ALN, these reasons determine the speed or slowness of a politician to adapt to a fiscal policy change that the majority of constituents prefer. Ultimately, the politician catches up with the preference of the ri ght to vote majority. Otherwise, politicians get voted out of office. Meanwhile, Chapter 7 or Key Episodes in the Twentieth Century provided an insight into how a visionary initiates the process of fiscal policy change (102), how the initiative slowly gains momentum (102), and how the initiative affects the majority of the voters eventually resulting in a fiscal policy change (103-5).However, ALNs discussion of the slow fiscal policy change did not refer to any economic explanations even though the time period graphically shown in Figure 7.3 illustrating the growth of support for tax cuts from 1968 to 1979 in California (104) can be dovetailed with major economic events that occurred during this time such as the oil crisis of the 1970s the emerging trend in Japanese car imports or the beginnings of offshore manu eventuring plants. Essentially, the slow gain in momentum of the California tax cut that was initiated by Philip Watson could also be attri preciselyed to lack of informati on, both from the point of view of politicians and the voting constituency of California State. This is for the simple reason that Watson may have had been ahead of his time.For the purpose of this paper, it can be conjectured that Watson may have had seen, evaluated, or assessed economic events that were unfolding during his time that eventually resulted in the trend of tax cuts and reduced government spending. For instance, U.S. consumer preference for more fuel-efficient and cheaper Japanese cars could have had a positive externality that politicians would initially favor for the interest of the bigger majority of consumers. However, the same situation has a negative externality in the sense that U.S. car manufacturing jobs will be greatly affected when demand for Japanese cars rise while those for US-made cars plunge.Due to the multiplier effect of the US automotive perseverance on the US economy, tax cuts would essentially counter the side effects of cheaper, Japanese automo tive goods such as a lost jobs from direct and indirect automotive industry businesses b slighter US worker and business income due to international competition and c lesser demand for other US goods due to reduced purchasing power of US workers and businesses.On the contrary, since tax cuts would basically reduce government spending due to lesser government funds, major US businesses and US workers could be negatively affected by these tax cuts. Cause and effect-wise, politicians initially favoring the preference of the majority of consumers could eventually be doing a disfavor to the majority of constituents who have had lost jobs and reduced income. In this sense, ALN appeared to have had ignored the cause and effects brought about by the economic externalities on the US political landscape.Third, ALN tried to tie-up several theories on voter preferences and the will of the majority in Chapter 6 with the California Tax Revolt story (100 102-5) in Chapter 7 to illustrate how vote rs became more conservative (86) and how politicians make honest mistakes (87). ALN basically explained in Chapter 6 how US politicians identify their supporters and voters to win an election how they understand voter preferences and how they support the majority of their constituents. In Chapter 7, ALN explained how the voting majority of the early twentieth century changed from rural into urban citing the change in economy as the briny reason behind such change in fiscal policy.ALN noted the mass migration of the rural population into the cities albeit political structures initially favored the rural population that eventually became the minority (94). In time, city dwellers gained stronger political influence and hence had greater say in US government. One point that appears to have been remaining out in ALNs discussion is the nature of initiative states and non-initiative states. It can be postulated that initiative states appear to be states with passing urbanized majorities while non-initiative states appear to have highly rural majorities.This is an area that has not been thoroughly explored to explain the fiscal policy gaps between initiative states and non-initiative states. This crucial point could explain wherefore fiscal policy change in non-initiative states are slower or appear to favor the status quo. A conjecture is that the dominant economy of a particular non-initiative state may be less affected by major economic transformations compared with initiative or highly urbanized states, or those with highly developed economies. In another light, ALN seemed to have succeeded in recognizing the following a a change in the nitty-gritty economic environment can alter the electorates views about the desirability of government programs and b preferences also change as people learn about the consequences of policies (90).However, even though economic transformations and externalities have been recognized in the latter, ALN did not offer any economic e xplanations as to why voters became more conservative in the later part of the twentieth century, specifically in favoring and voting for a tax cut. It would have been more likely if ALN explored the tie up of voter preferences with economic transformations and externalities rather than simply stating that voters became more conservative in the later part of the twentieth century.The said statement appears to imply that fiscal policy can change on the mere whim of the majority, or a visionary, when in fact policy changes start due to changes in the economy as ALN reasonably observed but insufficiently supported for the tax cut and reduced government spending. On the contrary, ALN successfully tied up the same premise for increased government spending in the early part of the twentieth century.The idea that changes in fiscal policy reflect the changing nature of voter preferences could be more in line with the argument that voter preferences change with a corresponding change in th e general economic condition. Economic changes are basically brought about by improvements or innovations in technology that affect how people make or earn their support as ALN correctly observed. It is also noteworthy that policy changes trigger a corresponding effect that could either be positive or negative. Initially, the political intention or cause might be for favoring the majority but due to some unexpected effect, the welfare of the majority becomes compromised.This could explain why some politicians appear to be slow in immediately discerning the preferences of the majority. The arguments here have already shown that favoring the preferences of the majority could in fact have unintended side effects that could eventually disfavor the majority. When the capacity of constituents to make a living becomes threatened or is at risk, it becomes relatively easy to recognize that when it came to fiscal policy preferences, U.S. constituent mood swings from conservative to liberal o r vice-versa actually reflected a major transformation in the U.S. economy.Work Cited pens Last Name, Authors First Name, Authors Middle Name Initial. Key Episodes in the Twentieth Century. Title of Book. Year of Publication.. When Legislators Get Out of Step. Title of Book. Year of Publication.

Interview and Interrogation Essay Example for Free

Interview and Interrogation EssayInterviews and interrogations should be structured around the detectivey elements of the consequent or crime. The need for careful planning and advance preparation cannot be overstated. It is one of the most punishing but most interesting phases of criminal investigation and detection. It is the confrontational battle of wits between the investigator and the suspect. It is a mental combat where the weapon is intelligence and the use of the art. Victory depends upon proper and effective use.The subroutine of interrogation on the part of the suspect, it is to extract a confession or admission. On the part of the uncooperative or un testamenting witness, it is to extract the cultivation he possesses. While interview a simple and prissy but friendly questioning of a person who is believed to the possessing a knowledge that is official interest to the investigation for the purpose of obtaining information. In a preliminary interview at a crime scene, officeholders have exceedingly limited time for such planning. Consequently, they need to know their priorities in advance.They should obtain as much information as possible, identify and locate the offender (s)and broadcast the information or alert other officers and subdivision about the offense and identity of the offender(s). Officers should not use police terminology when interviewing or interrogating people because it will increase the incriminating atmosphere of the questioning.A polygraph, which literally means many writings scientifically measures and records a subjects physiological reactions to specific questions in an effort to detect deception. As a polygraph promoter asks a series of predetermined questions, changes in the subjects respiration, depth of breathing, blood pressure, pulse and galvanising resistance of the skin are measured and graphed for analysis. According to Paynter (1999).A polygraph might be utilise to free suspects confirm victim, witn ess and informant statements or locate evidence. Sometimes used as part of an explorative exam to further investigate the criminal involvement of someone already in custody for a different offense. In addition , it can help screen applicants for employment, such as police officer candidates, and can be used to monitor the activities of probationers and parolees, who must submit to and pass periodic polygraph exams, as a condition of their sentence.No matter what type of technology is used, the result must always be used as an investigative aid, a supplement to a thorough investigation- never as a reliever for it. Akers, Ronald. 1997. Criminological theories. California Rexbury Publishing Company. Bartol, C. R. 1985. Criminal behavior. New Jersey Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs. Bonn, Robert. 1984. Criminology. New York McGraw-Hill phonograph recording of Company. Hess, Karen. 2006. Police operations. Singapore Thomson Learning Manwong, Rommel k. 2006. Fundamentals of criminology. S ingapore Thomson Learning.

Sanlu milk powder Essay Example for Free

Sanlu milk powder EssayConsequentialism, as its name suggests, is the view that prescriptive properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at unlike levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral probity of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of roughlything related to that act, such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same kind. Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually be as maximizing total benefit and reducing suffering or the negatives. It also makes classic utileism slip to attack from many angles. Persistent opponents posed plenty of problems for classic utilitarianism. Each objection led some utilitarians to give up some of the original claims of classic utilit arianism.By dropping one or more than of those claims, descendants of utilitarianism can construct a wide variety of moral theories. Advocates of these theories often call them consequentialism quite an than utilitarianism so that their theories will not be subject to refutation by association with the classic utilitarian theory. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as integrated responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or corporate social per act uponance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model.Milton Friedman and others corroborate argued that a corporations purpose is to maximize returns to its sh atomic number 18holders, and that since only battalion can have social responsibilities, corporations are only responsible to their shareholders and not to society as a whole. They assert that corporations have no other obligation to societ y. (Freeman, 1984) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) essentially requires companies to top business beyond compliance with the law and beyond shareholder wealth maximization.It suggests that companies should do more than they are obligated under applicable laws governing product safety, environmental protection, labor rights, human rights, community development, corruption, and so on it also suggests that companies should consider not only the interests of shareholders but also those of other stakeholders (e. g. , employees, consumers, suppliers, and local communities). CSR requires companies to put up not only the quantity of goods, services, and employment but also the quality of life for those whose interests are modify by corporate activities. (Carroll, 2008).Facing the challenge, in order to protect and expand the market, on one stack improve the Sanlu milk purchase cost, on the other hand, through the continuous low harms, unfair disputation and reduce the product qu ality. At the same time, Sanlu Company launched the infant formula milk powder or occupation of the rural market, adding excipient, is as high as 40%. If the production in accordance with subject area quality standards efforts not only profits, but also serious losses.Vicious competition led to price higher than the cost, one of the value and price inversion phenomenon is the direct cause of Sanlu milk powder incident. (Wu, 2007) reconsideration of Corporate Social Responsibility by Sanlu Milk Incident Ethic problems in Sanlu Incident have the following aspects (1) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the government (2) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the competitors (3) Ethic relationship between the enterprise and the consumers (4) Ethic relationship among the enterprise, consumers, and government. The analysis is made step by step as follows.

Kants Moral Rationality Essay Example for Free

Kants Moral Rationality EssayIn Kants book, The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, he believes that the good will is only good in itself and that reason is what produces the goodness of the good will. concord to Kant, to act out of a good will authority to act out of duty, or doing something because you welcome it necessary to do. Also, good will is will that is in accordance with reason. He believes everyone has a honorable contract or duty to do actions and he backs his theory up by discussing his idea of the moral law. The moral law, according to Kant, is when one is to act in accordance with the demands of practical reason, or acting through with(p) solely out of respect of duty. He says that moral laws will make you will in a certain way and is not subject to something further. Moral laws apply to all rational being in all places at all times. Overall, he believes that morality is on a basis of a priori, or preceding experience.This type of moral law commands us to be truthful from respect for the law and to do the right thing. Morality is about matte commands that we ought to follow simply because it is the right thing to do. By categorical commands, or categorical imperative, it is supposed to provide us with a way to make moral judgments, which means it is a law. It is a way of coming up with the idea how any action can be rational. He means since all externals are taken from morality, moral commands essential be categorical.In his book, Kant explains that he makes five things perfect clear 1. All moral concepts have their origin entirely a priori in reason. 2. Moral concepts cant be formed by abstraction from any empirical friendship or, therefore, from anything contingent. 3. This purity or non-empiricalness of origin is what gives them the dignity of serving as supreme practical principles. 4. Any supplement of something empirical takes away just that much of their influence and of the unqualified worth of actions performed in ac cordance with them. 5. non only is it necessary in developing a moral theory but also definitive in our practical lives that we derive the concepts and laws of morals from pure reason and present them pure and unmixed, determining the mise en scene of this entire practical but pure rational knowledge. (Kant 17)Kant goes on to discuss a relationship mingled with the moral law and reason. He says that moral philosophy cannot be merely an empirical inquiry, but that is must be a metaphysical inquiry, and that it must be based on pure practical reason. everlasting(a) practical reason is the reason that drives actions without any sensible incentives. Kant also states that Morality is based neither on utility or nature, but on human reason. And this human reason tells us what we ought to do and when we result this human reason, then we can say we are truly free.Finally, Kant discusses why he thinks that the moral is the rational. He believes that acting dutifully is the same as doin g something because rationality tells you to do it. In section three, he discusses how moral principles come from yourself, or your rationality. And how one should treat the idea of will of every rational being as a universal law. Thus, rationality requires us to be moral.

Truth in Literature Essay Example for Free

Truth in Literature EssayThe truth provides unlike functions to different people. Truth to some people is simply ho-hum so they choose to alter it as some(prenominal) as possible. This is also known as lying. Others try to run a bureau from it, they simply stacknisternot deal with reality. some even go to the extreme by living their speckle life story as a lie, while trying to deceive others. The truth in literature, as I perceive it, is something that only the interpreter can decide as being fact or fiction. There is neither right nor wrong to the knowledge you obtain.The option is in your hands, and you are the cardinal who should decide eventually if what you read or hear is fact, fiction, valuable, important, or useful for your future. Marta Martin may have omitted certain emotions or occurrences in order to appear stronger and more than rattling(a) to a reader. Richard Rodriguez lied to himself through come forward his life in order to make himself rely he was break down than his past. Finally, W. D. Snodgrass lied to everyone around him and even to himself, while chasing female students, in order to maintain an appearance of an self-coloured professor.The story of Marta Martin can be very strange to some, that others can see her as a hero. Marta Martin was a pregnant woman who found herself caught in a terrible storm in the spirit of Alaska. She was forced to survive on her own and there was no one else to help her. Marta kept a diary where she described how she managed to survive. In her diary she described a day when she overcomeed a sea otter with an ax, naked his skin, and ate his liver and heart. When you read her story you try to imagine a woman doing all that, only if it gets harder when you realize that most pregnant women find even the smallest chores difficult.I tried to imagine a woman, but all I could invision was a man. What is even more interesting is that there was no emotion pertained in the diary. There were no c omplaints, or pain, and she never mentioned the fact that she might be scared staying at the rear all alone with her thwart due very soon. She wrote or so events that required emotional strength and physiological characteristics not common to a young pregnant woman. Marta never once mentioned fear or alarm that I looking at even a man might feel in those circumstances. Many who read her story would be astonished to think that she accomplished all that alone.Many others ordain consider her a liar. In the beginning of her story she mentioned the reason as to why she choose to tell her story I can hardly write, but I must. For 2 reasons first I am afraid I may never live to tell my story, and second, I must do something to keep my sanity. (martin,301) I believe she wrote the story not because she cute to keep her sanity. Clearly she had plenty of work to do before the baby came, but she chose to write her story so that no one will forget her, so that everyone who will read th is story sees her as a hero.A woman who did what would be impossible for most women out there. I dont know Marta Martin, though somewhere in my heart I believe that the truth is kinda different. The truth is, that as a woman, she must have been scared and lonely. Im sure that she had many nights she found herself cry and praying for help. The truth, as I see it , is that there is no woman in this world who can eliminate an animal , get trapped in snow storm, live all by herself pregnant, and not mention a word of fear . However, it is not up to me to tell the truth.Im simply the person who read it, and chooses to accept it, or interpret it differently. Marta Martin wanted to remain a hero. She wanted everyone to remember her as a hero. And with all that she did, that woman is a hero with or without mentioning a word or two of fear. The truth might be far different than what she chose to portray in her diary, but the fact is that she did survive, she did kill the sea otter and pe el his skin, and she did have her baby. Thats the truth. What happened in between is her choice to tell us, and it is our responsibility to accept it or not.Richard Rodriguez altered the truth in a different way than Marta Martin and for a different purpose. Rodriguez was boy who wanted to be different from his middle disunite immigrant family. As a child Richard read as many books as he could, he employ to invariably be the one to answer teachers questions and soon became smarter then his siblings and even his parents. His family couldnt really see why he was so fascinated in reading books all the time and his brothers and sisters used to make fun of him. Even the other pupils in the class did not like him since he was the smart one.Later on, when it came time to choose a college, he chose the one far from home, far from his family. By then, he was embarrassed by his familys lack of education and act to isolate himself as much as possible. In college he did very well and when h e used to come back home he had nothing to share with his family. He thought that they would not understand anyhow, so why even bother. In the end the author wrote the truth about the typical enlighten boy, in the end Rodriguez came to face the painful truth. He realized that in attempting to run from the past, run from his family, he lost something so profound and important that no matter how hard he would attempt to rebuild it, he would not succeed.He became more nostalgic for what was never really there, and for the thoughts of what might have been. Rodriguez was attempting to thrash his family, but in doing so he faced the truth that in his heart he actually desired to be closer to his family. His goal was to become educated and felt that educated people were more admired. What he learned was all memorized he did not learn intuition, creativity, interpretation, or how to solve complex problems. reliably I wrote down all that they said.I memorized it I heard it all. But ther e was no way for any of it to mean very much to me. (Rodriguez,670) W. D. Snodgrass lied to everyone around him and even to himself and reflects on this in a rime called April inventory, where an old man give the reader a glance of his life as a teacher. through and through that window we break away information that some will consider as inappropriate, or even disturbing. His reality is far from been normal to me, yet he consider it as been of his everyday life. Through his poem, he demonstrates how he becomes older. He loose his hair at some point and also his teeth.At the same time he describe the way he sees the girls he is teaching . to him they are always young and slender and pinker every year. He also, creates a big scandal in our society, which he hides from the authorities. I have not learned there is a lie Love shall be blonder, slimmer, younger That my equivocating nitty-gritty Loves only by my bodies hunger That I have forced true to feel Or that the sweet world is real Eventually when I read the poem more carefully I discover that the truth is far more disturbing that just the way he sees himself comparison to the girls he is teaching.I realized that by saying love should be blonder slimmer younger he implies that his goal is to nap with the girls in his class. His only goal was sexual and not educational in purpose, and teaching was the last thing on his to do list. Therefore, he was lying and deceiving everyone into believing he was a teacher who was concerned about the education his students receive. While the awful truth is that he cared more about his looks and that fact that he is getting old and not the education. The truth is that he cared more to the fact that he can not sleep with them anymore for he is too old now.The truth as I see it in this poem is that he knows the truth but he choose to live a fantasy. I have not learned how often I can win, can love, but choose to die. (Snodgrass, 7) . He as an adult, bureau figure knows very well the consequence to his actions. He is well aware of what he has done he can bug out from right and wrong, yet he chooses a life of a lie. I feel he was also lying to himself to ignore that he was growing old he was trying to influence himself he was still young and attractive by sleeping with younger girls. From these stories, and many others, truth can mean different things to different people.Truth can be very hard to deal with and is part of personal growth, as we see in Rodriguezs story. Truth may be simply boring or make a person appear less heroic as in Marta Martins story. In other cases the truth is extremely exaggerated to the point when the author is living his whole life as a lie, as seen in the poem April Inventory. Truth, to me, is essentially the most important equity in our life. But I wont judge those who choose to change it for literature. I wont point a finger and call them liars, for I might embellish the truth sometimes too.

Education - learning Essay Example for Free

Education learning raiseEducation is not only cognitive and intellectual learning, and learning of skills and work-related competences. It is much broader to include moral and honourable issues, values, attitudes, religion, spiritualism, art and more. It is, indeed, important to focus on this when education in schools and universities has become a large effort and when the sphere, instead of becoming more peaceful, seems to be more confrontational than before.The main reason behind this scenario, that I see, is that disciples are being taught and not trained and also the fact that teachers do not have whatsoever target for teaching instead they teach for the pay they get and sincerity with the profession is waning very fast. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM The educational system that I see should be one that suits all the citizens of the country. It should necessitate the cultural, ethical, moral, religious and economical norms of the society and should produce respectable and resp onsible citizens for the society as a consentient and a dignified and confident person.This point arises due to the fact that every country consists of multi-cultural and multi ethical societies with different religious and economic backgrounds. Thus the system should have contents that may not hurt the morals and values of whatever person and also produce effective results that can be calculated as per the prosperity of that particular society or country as a whole. PURPOSE OF EDUCATION The home of our work as educators is moral and ethical education.We moldiness teach the right values and the right shipway of analyzing issues. We must seek what is true and act accordingly. Part of that is to learn that we are all responsible for our sustain attitudes, decisions and actions. We must use education to foster equality between sexes, classes, people of different geographic areas, creeds, colors, cultures and religions. We must learn to understand the importance of solidarity amo ng groups at home and across the borders in order to create peace, tuition and prosperity.Besides this we are also imparted with the responsibility of teaching science, occupation and arts subjects to the students using latest techniques, study and research to enable our students to prepare themselves to be a productive part of the society and compete with the world in the respective fields of their study. Major areas that a teacher may address are as follows 1. To help students gain literacy This is supposed to be the top most priority as if a student is literate he or she may mold in any society and get accommodate to its culture and norms without losing its own.2. To enable students to use and enjoy their learning experiences Here a student gets in fleet expertise to use what it conditioned during the schooling period to better their social and personal life in a given environment. 3. To teach students to believe and respect others, to contribute to the well-being of their c ommunity A learned person better knows whom to respect and whom not too, who deserves to be valued and who does not, and gets bold enough to express its feelings in a dignified and respectful way in the society.He is able to distinguish between duties bestowed upon him by the community and tries to serve the community within available resources. 4. To give students the opportunity to learn how to inquire and check freshly information When a student learns through experimentation and reasoning he tries to use the corresponding technique throughout his life and does not accepts all and sundry information without analyzing it. 5.To help students develop broader understandings of new information This enables a student understand and characterize given information and then apply it in his daily life. 6. To help students develop the skills and values they will need to function in a exempt and just society Last but not the least it makes sure that a student is do aware of the morals a nd values of religion and society and to act accordingly not hurting any ones feelings and making progress accordingly in the society individually and as a community as a whole.In the process of enabling the students to get all the above qualities they are supposed to be taught different subjects but should be encompassed under the umbrella of a just religion and that is Islam not because we sojourn in the Islamic Republic Of Pakistan but due to the fact that Islam is the only religion that addresses to all the matters discussed with dominate and covers all the topics amicably, may it be the moral, cultural, and or ethical values or upbringing, or the contemporary studies of science, commerce and arts. Reference 1. http//www. intime. uni. edu 2. www. nation. com. pk Columns.

Citizenship in America Essay Example for Free

Citizenship in America EssayU.S. citizens are lucky. We have liberty of speech, freedom of religion and many more rights. Citizenship can mean different intimacys to different people. Who a coun test defines as its citizens may differ in different times and different places. In general, we know that citizenship belongs to a soulfulness who lives in a certain country and has certain rights. Yet, I believe that the true essence of citizenship lies in the duty to help solve problems.In the United States, the idea of citizenship has evolved over time. For instance, in 1776, most blacks, Indians and smock women had no right to vote. They had to struggle to become full citizens. The right and responsibility to vote came after a long and hard fight.Studying history is a key part of effective citizenship because from people in the past, we learn examples of exhaustively citizenship.One very good example of good citizenship was that sh stimulate by Jane Addams. Even at age six in 1 866, she was an initiator and she wanted to replace her world. During that time, she got this remark from Theodore Roosevelt, president from 1901 to 1909, that Addams became the most expedient citizen. When she was 29 years old, Addams bought a large, old house called the remove House in a unfortunate immigrant area of Chicago.They soon learned that Addams wanted to help poor people solve the problems they faced. At Hull House, immigrants could learn English. Working parents could even leave their babies there during the day and the children were encouraged to follow art classes. She to a fault made the house available for family gatherings, weddings and other events.Addams raised money herself to pay for these programs. She also tried to change the government and often she worked in campaigns for people running for office whom she believed had honest intentions. She also wrote letters to members of Congress. She went to meetings to condense giving women the right to vote. She lead marches to support laws ending the use of child labor in factories. She also tried to influence the government. In fact, people today can still petition, or try to influence the policies of government. Petitioning is one of the basic rights of all citizens protected by the United States Constitution.When garbage filled up the alleys near Hull House, she was worried that the piles of trash may cause disease and death among the children in the neighborhood. So, she did something none of us would ever think ofshe applied a job as a garbage inspector. Thus, she was able to follow those garbage wagons all the way to the dumping site just to be indisputable that garbage is properly disposed.Addams was good citizenship personified. In my own way, I want to do the same thing as Addams did. Starting from my own home, I can begin helping my parents in cleaning our surroundings. I can also do some volunteer work in our corporation during weekends when there are no exams in school.Volu nteer work can be fun especially when I tantalize my other friends to join in. I am sure they will be open to make themselves useful, in our own small way, in making a difference to the world out there. In my own small way, I can learn from people of the past how it is to exercise good citizenship. Making the community look good is a part of good citizenship. In fact, the community is a setting that provides often potential for helping and learning at the same time. Libraries, museums, and many places are rich sources of exercising good citizenship.For afterall, citizenship requires initiative, courage and sacrifice. As Jane Addams said, Progress is not automatic the world grows better because people wish that it should and take the right steps to make it better.REFERENCESJane Addams 1860-1935. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 athttp//www.webster.edu/woolflm/janeadams.htmlchildhoodWikipedia. Jane Addams. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 athttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_AddamsWomen Working. Jane A ddams. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 athttp//ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html

Steps in Medical Billing Process Essay Example for Free

Steps in Medical Billing Process moveThere are several steps to the medical plug-ining process step one to decennary are as follows Preregister diligents, Establish financial responsibility for visits, Check in the patients, Check out the patients, canvass coding compliance, Check billing compliance, Prepare and transmit claims, Monitor payer adjudication, Generate patient statements and in conclusion fare up patients payments and handle collections.Preregister patients is when you schedule and update appointments and collect indemnification information for the patients. When you are scheduling appointments for new patient you study to get basic information and insurance information and reason for appointment. Establishing fiscal Responsibility is an important step where you must determine what operate are covered under the patients insurance and what service they are responsible for this also help if a preauthorization is need and ensures that are information is thro ugh with(p) and billed correctly.Check in Patients This is when you collect all necessary information from the patient such as copies for insurance cards. This is also, where you can collect copays and make sure the patients information is correct and updated if need be. Check out Patients This is where you record the proper medical codes for the visit. This is also where you provide information if the patient has make a payment or how much they owe and to make sure it is coded properly so the patient will be charged correctly. If payment or copays have been made then a pass is given.Review Coding Compliance This is where guidelines must be follow when coding the visit. This must be canvas for errors and the visit and the code should be connected so the payer understands the charges. Check Billing Compliance all(prenominal) charge, or fee, for a visit is related to a specific procedure code. The providers fees for services are listed on the medical practices fee schedule. Most me dical practices have measurement fee schedules listing their usual fees. Even through there is separate codes for each fee not all are necessarily billablePrepare and Transmit Claims This is where the claims are prepared and submit in a timely manner listing the diagnosis, procedures, and charges for the payer. Most are sent electronically and each practice, as a policy as to when claims are filed be it daily, every other day etc. Monitor payer Adjudication is where the where the health plans decide rather to pay the whole bill, part of the bill or deny the bill altogether. It is important for them to get their money as soon as possible, this is also where any discrepancies are address, and an conjure up is then file if there are any discrepancies found.Generate Patients Statements This is where payments are listed from the payer, and what is good-tempered owed and what the patient is creation billed it is them mailed to the patient. The date of service and any balances , and se rvices provided are all listed on the statement. Follow up patients payments and collections this is where patients payments are monitored and checked and if they are behind they are sent a notice and if still no response collection procedures maybe started.

Wolf- Moose Study Essay Example for Free

Wolf- Moose Study renderThe point of this long running survey is subscribe the effects of the climate and nature upon the wolf massess and moose of Isle Royale National Park, located in Lake Superior in Michigan. Professor Rolf Peterson of Michigan State University has been conducting this study and has found that by dealing with a basically unpopulated island that it is nearly angel conditions to analyze the creation status of both the moose and wolf population.It is a predator-prey study. The given scenario would be that if all of the wolf packs died take away and they were not replaced, what would happen to the moose population? Would it grow too quickly where the island could not support them and would it strikingness a immanent decline? It would be best to intervene and replace the wolf packs because it would maintain the natural balance of things. The survey showed that the moose are controlled by the effects of food supply, weather and natural plague but though th e article states that the island has had very mild winters for the last few years and that creates some ideal situations for increased population among the moose, there is also the factor of an increase in ticks which if left unstopped that they can gobble up off the moose from blood loss. Yet, without the mooses natural predator, the wolves, the moose could continue to increase and everywhere populate and therefore, cause death of starvation or other diseases.The island would not be capable of reinforcement the rising numbers of moose. The island now has three wolf packs that number up to twenty-nine (Peterson 1) but it genuinely would not take that many in order to control the moose population. As wolves are pack animals and the only way that they can successfully hunt and kill a large moose is as a pack, then it would have to be at least two fair sized packs of cardinal to seven members. Works Cited/Reference Peterson, Rolf, This Years Moose-Wolf Study Report 2004, http//www . msu. edu/user/kilpela/wolf. htm

Geert Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Theory

Geert Hofstedes Cultural Di manpowersions TheoryIntroductionResearchers set rough utilise Hofstedes mixed bag of subject area cultural traits non only in studies of intermediate employee samples, from which the categorization was in the first place obtained, but in any case to lite senior executives, and even to firms, on the assumptions that top charge teams (i) are cultur solelyy homogeneous with average employees and (ii) directly smoothen cultural characteristics in strategic decision-making. Such assumptions are questioned by research conclusion that boorish sub-populations are culturally heterogeneous and that individuals cultural characteristics are moderated by organizational and task contexts. apply the construct of communism/individualism, this study tests the applicability of Hofstedes generic national cultural norms to senior executives employ Anglo-Saxon and Chinese samples. Results cast doubt on the applicability of Hofstedes classifications to senior ma nager populations and suggest several avenues for save research.In recent years the work of Dr. Geert Hofstede and his cultural dimensions has been carefully reviewed and utilise by academic scholars and educators just about the world. Some scholars and educators criticize his findings, whereas others highly praise Hofstedes research. One of the most critical voices comes from Dr. Brendan McSweeney. However, Geert Hofstede has appropriately shown that his criticism is non all that valid. Read for yourself in Dimensions do not exist A reply to Brendan McSweeney by Geert Hofstede and originally published in Human Relations vol. 55 (II) 2002The outcome of his survey is that employees in the same national context share similar attitudes towards these four dimensions. Differences only arise when they are different in national. delineate nicetyCulture has been called the way of life for an entire society. As such, it includes codes manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior and systems of belief.2 Various definitions of kitchen-gardening reflect differing theories for get wording or criteria for evaluating human activity.More recently, the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization UNESCO (2002) described culture as follows Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social assemblage, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of vivacious together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.4 Key components of culture A common way of understanding culture sees it as consisting of four elements setnormsinstitutionsartifactsGeert Hofstede Cultural DimensionsGeert Hofstede self-contained extensive data on the worlds cultures. Geert Hofstedes Value Survey Module is designed for measuring culture-determined differences among matched samples of respondents from different countries and regions.Prof. Geert Hofste de conducted the most comprehensive study of how set in workplace are influenced by culture.Geert Hofstede canvass a large data base of employee values scores collected by IBM between 1967 and 1973 finishing more than 70 countries from which he first used the 40 largest only and afterwardswards extended the abbreviation to 50 countries and 3 regions. In the editions of GHs work since 2001, scores are listed for 74 countries and regions, partly ground on replications and extensions of the IBM study on different International populations.From the initial results and later additions hofstede developed a sample that identifies four primary dimensions to assist in differentiating cultures Power DistancePDI, IndividualismIDV, MasculinityMAS, and Uncertainty evasionUAI.Geert Hofstede added a fifth dimension after conducting an additional International study with a survey puppet developed with Chinese employees and managers.The dimension based on Confucian dynamism is Long-Term Ori entationLTO and was applied to 23 countries.These five Hofstede dimensions can besides be found to correlate with other country, culture and spiritual paradigms.1) Power distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less(prenominal) powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and they expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents unlikeness (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a societys level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as oft as by the leaders. Power and inequality, are the most extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody who call for several(prenominal) international experience will be aware that all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others.2) Individualism (IDV) the one side versus its opposite, collectivism that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we can see societies where the ties between individuals are loose everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are merged into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grand bring ups) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word collectivism in this sense has no political meaning it defines to the group, not to the state.3) Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another(prenominal) fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies shows us that (a) womens values in the societies are less than mens values (b) mens values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from womens values on the one side, to nonaged and fondness and similar to womens values on the ot her. The assertive pole is known as masculine and the modest, caring pole is called by feminine. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring, social values as the men in the masculine countries. However they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as a lot as the men, so that these countries represent us a gap between mens values and womens values.4) Uncertainty escape Index (UAI) deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty. What is the level that a society can accept with its unknown and undetected subject. It ultimately refers to mans search for equity. It shows us how a culture reflects its members to feel either un convenient or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophic and religious level by a belief in absol ute Truth there can only be one Truth and we have it. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by knowledgeable nervous energy. On the other side uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions. In the situation of certainty people try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People at heart these cultures not expected by their environment to express emotions5) Long Term orientation course (LTO) versus short-term orientation this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars it can be said to deal with Virtue irrespective of Truth. Values which are associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift. On the other hand values which are connected with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protec ting ones face. pellucid ArgumentAs human preferences are mainly developed in topical anesthetic organizations and cultural institutions, we lay out by looking at the formation of local work cultures and the international debate about how international companies are influencing local work cultures. How resistant are different national working cultures to the cultural clashing of international companies? Do HRM dialogues in transnational companies encourage global convergence or local release? Convergence, transnational communication and a third cultureThe different interpretations of the impact of international companies on management and organization in foreign subsidiaries have breathed clean life into the convergence debate from the1950s and 1960s. In contrast to the old convergence approach, which laid great emphasis on institutional systems and structural processes, the new approach focuses more on the actors and carriers of convergence processes. The new focus is on transnational processes in multinational companies and not so much on differences in National Business Systems industrial relations or societal effects (Maurice et al.1980), which were the dominant issues in international management and organization research in 1980s. The authors in spite of appearance the new convergence school do not argue against the influence of national social institutions on union strategies and organizational practices, but they raise the question of whether the increasing globalization of many companies does not quail the influence of national institutions and cultural values. They pay greater attention to transnational actors potential capacity to bowdlerise national differences in management and organization. They argue that the increasing internal and external competition in multinational companies searching for best practices is undermining the importance of national social institutions and local cultural values in go with strategies and practicesC riticismHofstede has been criticized by number of authors for not taking into account the changing relationship between kick upstairs companies and subsidiaries in a globalized economy. Among his critics is Christina Garsten who, in her analysis of Apple Computer, ends up with a different view of the parent partys impact on its subsidiaries. Garsten does not seek to expose national homogeneity and consensus in Apples national subsidiaries by analyzing common national cultural values. The cultural complexity that Christina Garsten seeks to identify in Apple Computers demands a more dynamic concept in the culture than Geert Hofstedes categorization of attitudes which were pre-established theoretical dimensions. Using this concept of culture, a national group of employees in a multinational company does not act in accordance with one common set of collective national values. The groups actions are motivated by various sub cultural contexts and shows different interpretations of and engagement with their company.Garstens approach very inspiring, especially the way in which she deal outs into consideration the influence of transnational communication streams in companies. Hofstede did not pay much attention to this subject because global human resource strategies were much less developed in the 1970s when he carried out his research.How can human resource management confabulation be understood in the dialectical relationship between the global and the local in multinational companies? As a result of the growing networks in multinational companies, human resource management discourse is increasingly shaping the thinking of management groups in the individual units and the way in which they implement demands and tasks. It was also a roadmap for establishing a common language among the units. Manuel Castells has tried to describe these complicated processes in The Rise of meshing Society (Castells1996). He describes that network structures and growing flexibilit y as two closely connected elements in the new global economic system. He argues that networking strategies give us the flexibility to the system, but they do not solve the problem of adaptability for the companies. In my opinion, this is a key reason why management in multinational companies seek strategies which can cope with flexibility.When management experiments with these network structures in multinational companies, it engenders cultural encounters between units that have different cultural backgrounds. What is the outcome of these encounters? Mike Featherstone uses the apt concept of a third culture to understand the outcome of these encounters in the globalization process (Featherstone1990 7 1-14). The third culture argument is that national and local cultures and identities increasingly have to relate to global discourses, but they do not necessarily adopt them. To usher this argument, we will discuss two of the most powerful discourses in the present global debate the vacate market and human rights. There are many different phenomena which suggest that globalization is a differentiated, multi-dimensional and polycentric process. It is not just a question of one multinational agenda or one dominant king discourse.The same logic can be applied when evaluating and analyzing management in subsidiaries which implement human resource strategies. Multinational companies with different parent company cultures set up human resource strategies inspired by global consultants and best practice examples. They transfer HRM strategies to subsidiaries, which develop a third company culture a reflexive, discursive mix of the parent company culture, the local work culture and the multinational practices. Actually all multinational subsidiaries maintain different third culture outcomes, which together build a global company culture in practice.ConclusionYes, I do consider my self defined strongly about my race/ethnicity or culture, but at the same time I do not. T he way I do feel defined in my culture is the morals and traditions and values that I have take in. I am not saying I took all of them but most of them I applied by myself. As an Asian I grew up in Bangladesh for half of my life and then travel out to U.K. And as I grew up I was able to experience different cultures. In Bangladesh it was a lot calmer and easy going area but once I moved to London, it was fast moving. alone while taking in both cultures my parents also put an influence on me to remember my hereditary pattern and traditions. They wanted to make sure that I new about my Bangladeshi.Discussing with different cultures people of another country can help give me an idea of how different my country is from other places. Talking to someone from another country enables one to have more respect for that person, because we able to learn their different way of living and learn to appreciate our own way of livingReferenceswww.geert_hofstede.comwww.bookrags.comMarkus RichwienKat egorie Betriebswirtschaft Funktional Organisation Organization allgemeinMA-Thesis / Master June 2000, 135 Seiten, 1, 0 MB, Note 1, 3, Sprache EnglishLudwig-Maximilian-Universitt Mnchen DeutschlandSchlagworte Organization, Adler, weibliche Fhrungskrfte, Confuzianismus, KollektivismusCountries and elites in 19 countries.

Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

Introduction to chemical substance KineticsChapter 1Introduction1.1 chemical energisingsChemical energisings is the branch of chemistry that deals with the rates or velocity, at which a chemical answer occurs and as well as the factors affecting the rates. The word kinetic means the movement or wreak here it refers to the velocity of a response, which is the change in the parsimoniousness of a reactant or a product with time.Kinetic investigation of a reception is usually carried out with two main objectives in mind. compendium of the sequence of elementary reactions steer to the overall reaction. i.e. To arrive at the plausible reaction apparatus.Determination of absolute rate of the reaction.There atomic number 18 several reasons for studying the kinetics of a reaction. At the outset, there is an essential curiosity well-nigh why some reactions are fast and some are slow? Some phenomena, like photosynthesis, hydrocarbon combustion and atomic reactions, take place on a time scale as short as pico seconds to little seconds. Other processes like the setting and hardening of cement and the transformation of graphite to diamond, take longer stopover of time to complete. Practically, a good recording of reaction rates is useful, in waste water treatment, in pollution control, in drug design and in food processing. Chemists working in industry break out much importance to speed up the rate of a reaction and also to increase the productivity.Chemical kinetics is a tool to understand fundamental aspects of reaction pathways, a subject that continues evolution with ongoing research. The knowledge rate of reaction has many practical applications. The kinetic study provides the valuable information about the rate and mechanism of chemical reaction, which helps out in running a chemical reaction successfully by selecting optimum reaction conditions.Generally, reactions are represented by following equatingReactants ProductsThis equation indicates t hat as the reaction proceeds, reactants are consumed and products are formed. Consequently, the progress of the reaction stinker be followed by monitoring the change in the concentration of reactants (decrease) or products (increase).The kinetic investigation also helps us to study the factors which have an exploit on the rate of reaction like temperature, pressure, substrate concentration, oxidant concentration, dielectric eonian, ionic strength and accelerator concentration. For example, kinetic study helps in optimizing reaction conditions for industrial processes, in understanding the complex dynamics of the environmental problems, in understanding the very complicated bio-chemical reactions that are the basis of life. Generally, reactions involving organic reactants have several plausible pathways. Kinetic analysis of atmospheric reactions helps us to understand chemical transformations of pollutants released in the atmosphere. At a more fundamental level, we want to unders tand what happens to the molecules in a chemical reaction. By understanding this concept we can develop the theories, which can be used to predict the outcome and rate of reactions.We presume that in vagabond to react, the colliding molecules must possess a total kinetic energy equal to or greater than the energizing energy (Ea). The activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction. When molecules collide, they form an activated complex (also called the transition state or quasi equilibrium state), formed as a result of the collision of reactant molecules before they form the product.A +B AB C + DWhere AB denotes an activated complex formed by the collision between A and B. If the products are more changeless than the reactants, and so the reaction occurs with a release of heat i.e., the reaction is exothermic. Conversely, if the products are less stable than the reactants, then the reaction occurs with the absorption of heat from the surroundings i .e., the reaction is endothermic. The plats of potential energy of the reacting system versus the progress of the reaction qualitatively show the potential energy changes as reactants are converted in to products.The Arrhenius EquationThe Arrhenius equation explains dependence of the rate regular of a reaction on temperaturek = Ae-Ea/RT (1)Where,Ea activation energy of the reaction (in kJ/mol),R Universal gas constant (8.314 J/K/ mol),T absolute temperatureA relative frequency factor which represents frequency of collision. It can be treated as a constant for a assumption reacting system over a reasonably wide temperature range. Equation (1) shows that the rate constant is directly relative to frequency factor (A) and, therefore, to the collision frequency. Further, due to the negative sign on exponent Ea/RT, the rate constant decreases with increasing activation energy and increases with increasing temperature. This equation can be simplified by winning the natural logarit hm on both sides,ln k = ln AeEa/RT (2) (3)Rearrangement of equation (3) leads to the following linear equation, (4)Therefore, a plot of ln k versus 1/T gives a straight line with a slope m and solicit c. The slope m is equal to Ea/RT and the intercept c is equal to ln A.One of the important uses of chemical kinetics is to provide the information which is required to propose the plausible mechanism of a reaction. The order of a reaction can be used to interpret the reaction on molecular level. The reaction mechanism is predicted in the way in which molecular bonds break and atoms rearrange during the reaction by considering the order of a reaction with respect to different reactive species. Almost all the information regarding reaction mechanism comes by insinuation of indirect evidence.It is the responsibility of chemists to plan the proper experimental method to generate most conclusive truths or evidences for the reaction. The main steps in any kinetic study are (1) measurement of rate constant and reaction order (2) establishment of relationships between the rate and reaction mixture composition (3) identification of intermediates and products and (4) explanation of the collected data to arrive at plausible reaction mechanism.If interpersonal chemistry is producing new substances out of aged substances (i.e., chemical reactions), then there are two basic questions that must be answeredIs the reaction possible? This is the subject of chemical thermodynamics.If the reaction is feasible then how fast? This is the subject of chemical kinetics.Kinetic studies take a shit an important source of mechanistic information on the reaction, this is well present with respect to unsaturated acids in both aqueous 12 and non-aqueous media 3.1.1.1 The main importance of kinetic investigations areProduct and intermediate identification.Determination of concentration of all reactant species present in the reaction.Deciding the method may be used to determine the rate.T he kinetic analysis.Determination of the mechanism.1.1.2 Applications of kineticsThe chemist uses kinetics to plan new and better ways of achieving desired chemical reactions. This may involve in increasing the yield of desired products or discovering a better catalyst. The mathematical models, which are used by chemists and chemical engineer to predict chemical kinetics, provide information to understand and describe chemical processes such as ozone depletion, waste water treatment, decaying of food and vegetables, microorganism growth, and the chemistry of biologic systems. The mathematical models can also be applied in the design and fabrication of chemical reactors for optimisation to get good yield, better separation of products, and to eliminate environmentally hazardous by-products.Kinetics has an ample of applications in the field of medicine. Chemical kinetics plays an important role in the administration of drugs, in addition to breathing and metabolism mechanisms. For example, the mechanisms for the controlled/sustained release of drugs are based on the half-life period of the substances used and sometimes the pH of the body as well. Half life period and pH have an effect on the way in which dosages are determined and prescribed. The reaction rates and the conditions in which the reactions occur are indispensable for determining certain aspects of environmental protection. For example, the depletion of ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is best understood through an analysis of catalyzed chemical reactions.1.1.3 Kinetic Methods in chemical analysisFor catalyzed reactions the rate of reaction depends on the catalyst concentrations and hence, a kineticcatalytic method of analysis of the catalytic species becomes available. Thus, a method of analysis can be develop down to the ppm level in several cases 4-,56.The development of kinetic methods is an inseparable part of modern uninflected chemistry. Great demands are placed on the precisio n, sensitivity, rapidity and possible automation of analytical methods. This necessitates progress in the physico-chemical methods, employing the most varied chemical, physico-chemical and physical properties of substances for their analysis. As reactions from the basis of most analytical methods, it is unimaginable that the dynamic timbre of chemical reactions would remain unused for analytical purposes. As has been shown recently, kinetic methods often provide the solution to the analytical problems more effectively than is possible using equilibrium methods 7.Certainly, the most widespread use of kinetic methods is in biochemical and clinical laboratories, where analysis is based on kinetics than on thermodynamics.1.2 electron transportation system reactionsElectron transfer reactions play a key role in physico-chemical and biological processes. Because of the ubiquity of electron transfer processes, the study of electron transfer reactions, perhaps more so than that of any oth er area of chemistry is characterized by a strong interplay of theory and experiment 8. The significance of electron transfer reaction in transition alloy chemistry and in physical-organic chemistry is well documented 910.Prof. R. A. Marcus received Nobel Prize in the year 1992 for the discovery of Electron Transfer Reactions and Prof. Ahmed Zewail received Nobel Prize in the year 1999 for the discovery of Femtochemistry and 2001 Nobel dough to Prof. William Knowles, Prof. K. Barry Sharpless and Prof. Royji Noyori for their work on Chirally Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions and Nobel Prize for the year 2005 to Prof. Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, and Yves Chauvin on their contribution to Metathesis Catalyst Technology honk emphasis on the importance of reaction kinetics.The research work of Henry Taube 11 in oxidation-reduction systems explicitely demonstrated the transport of electron from reductant species to oxidant species. This discovery indeed added many essential features in the syntheses of metal complexes and organo-metallic compounds. An oxidation reaction is always accompanied by a reduction reaction, such reactions are called redox reactions 12. Therefore, redox reaction needs at least two reactants, one equal of gaining electrons (oxidant) and the other capable of losing electrons (reductant), i.e., a reductant by losing electrons, gets oxidized and an oxidant by gaining the electrons gets reduced. Redox reactions are the basis for mixed biochemical transformations and chemistry of cells, biosynthesis, and regulation 13.Electron transfer reactions may take place through outer(prenominal) or inner sphere mechanisms.References1. R. Stewart, Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, in K.B. Wiberg (Ed.), Part A., Academic Press, radical York, 1965.2. D. G. Lee, E. J. Lee and K. C. Brown, Phase Transfer Catalysis, New Chemistry, Catalysts and Applications, ACS Symposium Series No. 326, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1987.3.J. F. Perez-Benito and D. G. Lee, Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of unsaturated carboxylic acids by methyl tributyl ammonium permanganate in methylene chloride solutions, J. Org. Chem., Vol. 52, 1987, pp.3239-3243.4 . S. M. Tuwar, S. T. Nandibewoor and J. R. Raju, Analysis of palladium (II) by a kinetic method and Mercury (I) by volumetry. Indian J. Chem., Vol.29A, 1990, pp. 825-826.5.S.T.Nandibewoor and V. A. Morab, Chromium(iii)-catalyzed oxidation of antimony(iii) by alcalescent hexacyanoferrate(iii) and analysis of chromium(iii) in microamounts by a kinetic method,J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1995, pp.483-488.6. P. L. Timmanagoudar, G. A. Hiremath and S. T. Nandibewoor, Osmium(viii) catalyzed oxidation of antimony(iii) by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(iii) and analysis of osmium(viii) in micro amount by a kinetic method, Indian J. Chem.,Vol. 35A, 1996,pp.1084-1090.7. G. Svehla, Kinetic Methods in Chemical Analysis Application of Computers in Analytical Chemistry, Elsevier Scientific Publishi ng Company, New York, Vol. 18, 1983, pp. 19.8 . J. J. Zuckerman, Inorganic Reactions and Methods, VCH Publishers, Florida, Vol. 15, 1986, pp.1-22.9 . Sir. G. Wilkinson, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Vol. 1, 1987, pp.327-332.10 . R. A. Sheldon and J. K. Kochi, Metal Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1981, pp. 387-407.11. H. Taube, Electron Transfer Reactions of Metal mazyes in tooth root, Academic Press, New York, 1967.12 . H. J. Price and H. Taube, Reduction of -carbonylcarboxylic acid complexes of pentaamminecobalt (III) by chromous, vanadous, and hexaammineruthenium(II) ions, Inorg. Chem., Vol. 7 (1), 1968, pp. 19.13. J. H. Espenson, Inner-Sphere Reduction of an Azidocobalt(III) Complex by Vanadium(II). Kinetics of Formation and Decomposition of the Metastable Monoazidovanadium (III) Ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.89 (5), 1967,pp. 12761278.