Constitution vs Articles of Confederation Essay

As one of the creators of the bare-ass shaping of 1788, you are elect to present its strengths as compared to the weaknesses of the Articles of compact. What areas of importance will you stress in attempting to father it passed unanimously?Give good considerably-reasoned arguments in a report of slightly 400 words. You will need to research the details of each document, victimization resources from the library, the Internet, or other sources. Be sure to use proper recite and grammar.Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation were a written engagement, ratified by the thirteen original conjures of the United States of the States, which laid the guidelines as to how the US politics was say to function. Sometimes, simply referred to as Articles, this agreement was created in November 1777, and ratified by the 13 original commonwealths in March 1781. Within a few historic period of its ratification, it was subjected to severe animadversion by the Founding Father s of the United States. Eventu bothy, it was decided that this agreement had to be fiatd to suit the needs of the nation as a whole. In May 1787, delegates from the 13 call downs met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, in die hard of convention all the delegation members came to a mutual conclusion that revising the entire Constitution was better than revising the existing Articles of the Confederation.The US ConstitutionThe US Constitution, which is considered to be the supreme law in the United States of America today, is an agreement which provides the guidelines for the organization of the United States government, i.e. the federal official official government, and its relationship with various states and citizens of the country. Basically, the legion(predicate) problems with the Articles laid the foundation for a new paper. When the delegates from all the thirteenstates met to revise the Articles of Confederation, they came to a mutual conclus ion that drafting a new constitution was much viable option than revising the existing one which was expert of problems. The delegates involved in the Philadelphia Convention, where the new US Constitution was drafted, included nigh of the prominent names of the American history including James Madison, George Washington, William Pierce and asa dulcis Franklin.Articles of Confederation vs. the US ConstitutionIf you try to compare the Articles with the new Constitution, you discharge that the former was full of drawbacks, while the latter had answers to all these drawbacks. The Articles was subjected to severe criticism for the very fact that it centralized all the powers in the hands of state government, and left the national government with no major powers at all. As opposed to the unicameral system which was facilitated by the Articles of Confederation, the US Constitution introduced the two-chambered system of governance, which was divided into the upper house and lower hous e. Yet some other difference between the two was pertaining to the number of votes each state had. plot of land the Articles had a provision of one vote for every single state irrespective of its size, the US Constitution had the provision of one vote per model or senator.Similarly, the new Constitution also do provision for decision maker and judiciary branches of the government, something which the Articles of Confederation didnt facilitate. When the Articles were the supreme law of the land, the national government required approval from 9 of the total 13 states to pass new laws. This was also changed in the new Constitution wherein approval of more than half of the total nominees of the states is enough to pass new laws. In order to recreate the constitution, the national government required unanimous approval from all the 13 states. As per the new law though, the number was changed and only 2/ tertiary of the both houses and 3/4th of state legislatures was enough to amen d the Constitution. This made the task of amending very easy, and the 27 amendments to the US Constitution highlight this very fact very well.The federal courts were not in picture when the Articles of Confederation was the supreme law. But when the US Constitution was introduced, it did feature provision for federal courts, which were assigned the responsibility of resolving disputes between the citizens as well as the states. While the Articles didnt give the national government the right to bill taxes on its citizens, the Constitution did give the federal government the powers to do so. Similarly, the federal government required approval from the states to raise an legions as per the stipulations of the Articles. consort to the Constitution, on the other hand, the federal government has the right to raise an army to deal with conflict situations. The Articles didnt allow any interference on the part of the federal government in terms of regulation of take and commerce, but th e US Constitution gave the federal government the right to watch trade and commerce at the international level as well as the inter-state level.The new Constitution was drafted because the Articles of Confederation, which preceded it, didnt live up to the expectations. The states were doubtlessly happy as they were in command, with the national government having no enforcing leave whatsoever, but this left the United States of America in a state of chaos with each state coming up with its own laws. With all this chaos, the US Constitution was surely the need of the hour.

Bribery Scandal @ Siemens

Case Analysis by Steve Akana steve. emailprotected edu BUS 685 world(a) Business solicitude Case 1 The Bribery Scandal at sulphur AG Overview The report will analyze the shift development and discuss the bribery scandal at mho AG. The author of the case study paints a picture of a successful and arguably rife multi-national firm, with a reputation for a war chest of competencies and innovative products. The demonstrable question, then, is why would a firm with this resume and list of global achievements decease involved with corruption and nefarious doings?Therefore, the case study raised(a) questions such as the accountability of senior managers to the rampant corruption occurring in global divisions. Summary On November 15, cc6, 30 offices and snobby homes were raided by 200 police officers, tax inspectors, and prosecutors in Munch and other cities in Germ either to canvass suspected bribery, embezzlement of club funds, and tax evasion. Five second employees were t aken into custody in connection with the case. Swiss prosecutors were also involved in the raids because they had an independent investigation on three people connected to Siemens, which launched in 2005.As a result, there was 420M of questionable payments make over a sevenyear boundary from 1999 to 2006. Official Siemens records showed the payments as having gone to external consultants. It was determined, however, that the funds were in reality paid to foreign purchasing officials and that the expenditures coincided with the procurement of fixed-line line telecommunications business in various international markets, including Italy, Puerto Rico, Greece, and the United States. Siemens ac bashledged that certain political party employees were engaged in snake oil, and the damage to the social club could be around 10-30M.Because of the fraud Siemens was burdened with an rundownal 168M in income tax charges since 1999. Their top meshing was restated from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. By the spring of 2007, two former Siemens managers were convicted of embezzlement of company funds (6M) for the inclination of bribing foreign officials to win a natural-gas turbine stick. The employees argued that their actions did not stop any rightfulnesss, resulted in no personal gain, and were taken solely for the purpose of improving Siemens positioning.They argued that they worked only to secure a lucrative quite a little in which the payments were required by Enel management as part of the quantity bid process. In fact, Siemens AG argued that the court order requiring ritual killing of earnings from the contract, prior to 2002 when the German governing body instituted a law prohibiting bribes to private officials abroad, specifically, had no basis in law. Analysis It took approximately 200 government officials, made up of police officers, tax inspectors, and prosecutors to indite five Siemens employees.The result was that the company was delicatelyd 30M, which was ap proximately 7% of the total 420M in bribes Siemens paid show up. Combined, Siemens lost a total of 450M in 2006. Therefore, the company had to restate their net lucres for 2006 from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. The adjustment was a mere 1. 4% of their total net scratch in 2006. Two Siemens employees gave out bribes worth 6M in order to win contracts. The punishment for these briberies was a fine of 44M however, the contract awarded to Siemens was worth 450M.Therefore, the companys gain was a profit of 406M. The penalties Siemens paid were roughly 10% of the overall profit made from the contract. So was it worth it for Siemens to engage in criminal behavior? The punishment they received of paying fines varying up to 10 percent were only a drop in the bucket comp ared to the profits they gained. So from the viewpoint of a Siemens employee who is willing to break the law in order to gain large profits, it was definitely worth it.As a matter of fact, if a company anticipates the percentage of penalties that will be apply for breaking the law, they could actually build that figure into their contract award lean and then move on with the business as usual. Further more than, in addition to the fiscal repercussions Siemens experienced, the case study also mentioned damages to their reputation. In the end, however, Siemens growing profits did not reveal any decreases referable to a damaged reputation. By 2011, Siemens ended up devising more money than they had in the last five years, since 2007. From 1999 to 2006, their combined net income was 26. 3B (over seven years), and from 2011 to 2007, their combined net income was 31. 95B (over five years). Discussion Questions 1. Is un good behavior the cost of doing business? What exactly is the role of Senior Managers? 2. Was Siemens penalized decent? Should fines be used as a deterrent to bribery? ar these the effects of the absence of adequate laws or weak enforcement practices? 3. Relativism vs. Normativism (Co-Determina tion Law). Relativism is the idea that ethics and morals are based on the context of a mail the people involved, and their beliefs.Normativism is the idea of universal law based on what is thoroughly for everyone alike. So in this situation, would it be more appropriate to view Siemens actions in the context that they were simply trying to make profits? Conversely, would it be more appropriate to view the situation as what might be good for one company is not good for others, creating an unfair playacting field? Would you apply relativism or Normativism to this case study when examining the Co-Determination Law? 4. crapper you discuss in your own words, what is the difference between lobbying and bribery?Recommendations 1. decision maker Ethics Program Mandate that anyone equal to or above a director aim to undergo a specialized business ethics and regulations program for executives. We should hold the government responsible to provide this training. The program would be ta ught by people who enforce the law, such as litigation lawyers and prosecutors. study the people in the company at the level where the bribes derive from is a great deal more appropriate than mandating a company-wide training where only lower level employees will end up receiving this training. 2.Levy Stricter Fines Any company caught giving bribes for any reason will not be allowed to keep the profits they made as a result from the contracts won. The fines the company will owe to the government will be the equivalent to the gains received or the potential judge of the contract being awarded. If the company is found guilty, they must walk extraneous from the contract, allowing other companies that did not break the law to rebid on the contract. 3. Two geezerhood of Probation companies that break the law will not be allowed to bid on any contracts in the industry in which the contract existed, i. . a contract with an Energy Company would prevent further bids on any contracts i n the energy industry for two years. Lessons Learned 1. 2. 3. 4. A strong ethical culture is critical for effective corporate governance. Merely publicizing the destiny for integrity wont bring it about. Senior executives need to know what is going on throughout the organization. Strong inner(a) control is more important in a widely dispersed and decentralized company. 5. A focus on making the numbers will never be successful in the long run. Questions still needing to be answered 1.How acceptable are bribes and kickbacks in industrialized countries? 2. Who will go to jail, and how much will the financial settlements cost Siemens? 3. What will be the effect of the scandal on Siemenss strategic plans to acquire/dispose of business units? 4. Where were the internal and external auditors? 5. Can an outsider like new CEO Loscher genuinely change an entrenched corporate culture? Reference Deresky, Helen. (2011). International Management Managing Across Borders and Cultures (7th Editio n ed. ). Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall.

Brian Billick

No one understands supremacy better than Brian Billick. It is non because of his own achievements which include leading an NFL team to a Super Bowl triumph, it is because leadership fascinates him. One of Brians most noned feats was leading the Baltimore Ravens to a 34-7 provide over the New York Giants in the 2000 Super Bowl XXXV. Making the victory so much more rewarding was the fact that Brian took over the quality as headman pusher for the Ravens a socio-economic class earlier when they were graded as one of the NFLs most depressing teams. Two wrangling are synonymous with Brian Billick passion and accountability.Those both traits are what steers a soulfulness to success. Brian was born in Ohio unless his family moved to California. He l realise success early as an athlete at Redlands High School where he played both football game and basketball. He etched his name into the land record books with 21 career interceptions, a record that has yet to be broken. Follo throw outg high school, Brian was a freshman linebacker at the line of credit Force Academy before transferring to Brigham Young University where as a fuddled supplant, Brian earned an honorable mention in the 1976 All-America honors. He also earned a Bachelors Degree in Communicationsand currently checkows a communications erudition at the university. In 1977, Brian made it to the National Football League. He was picked in the 11th round of the NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers and then traded to the Dallas Cowboys. However, as a fake, Brian never got the opportunity to hit the national. Instead, he was hired as the auxiliary director of public relations for San Francisco for the next two days. He fagged much of the 1980s coaching job college teams such as San Diego State University, do State University and Stanford University.BRIAN BILLICK Page 2 As a coach, he chop-chop learned there is no I in team and that was something he instilled in each player. To Brian, coac hing is more than teaching the plays of the bet on, it is teaching the value that make a team player. The success of a team is dictated by working together towards a common goal. Each player must construct the passion. As with any goal, reaching it requires 100 part dedication. If a person bathroom not commit to every(prenominal) expression that comes with the territory then they lack the passionneeded to survive. The other important influence in a boffo team is accountability. The task requires working together with bring out selfishness but a person must also be willing to pass responsibility for ones actions. Brian feels it is a sign of respect for the team. Brian practices what he preaches. He joined the Ravens in 1999 and led the team into post- season playoffs every year since except twice and he takes accountability for those two age. As the teams leader, he felt responsible but it did not discourage him from finding new ways to guide the team in the right direction .Throughout his career, Brian earned the reputation of creation more than just a great leader but also a motivator. He knows the determine that make a person a leader are something that tail assembly be taught. Bringing out those qualities in a person by influencing their behavior, attitude and actions are what leadership is all about. Brian began his NFL coaching career with the manganese Vikings in 1992 when he was get-go hired as the tight end coach and by the following year, he was named offensive coordinator for the Vikings. His leadership skills brought out success in the Vikings camp and in 1994, the teamcaptured the NFC Central title. He remained with the Vikings until the end of the 1998 season. BRIAN BILLICK Page 3 In 1999, he was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Ravens. Basically a new franchise founded four years earlier, the Ravens were struggling as a team. In Brians first year as coach, the Ravens won eight games. That was more wins than they had totaled in th eir first four years. The Ravens defense finished jiffy overall in the NFL.In his second year with the team, Baltimore finished 16-4 overall in the 2000 season. They crushed their opponents in the playoffs and became altogether the fourth wild card team to go on to win the Super Bowl when they blew by the New York Giants. But domination had micro to do with it. That October, the Ravens were on what looked to be a downward spiral when they failed to home run a touchdown in five consecutive games. It was Brian who kept the team merge and focused on the primary goal. The team returned to the Super Bowl in 2001 but fell short when they lost 27-10 against thePittsburgh Steelers. That was still a queer feat considering they were one of the untriedest teams in the NFL with 19 rookies that season. In 2003, Brian put the young team back in the playoffs. They led the NFL in rushing and ranked third in the league in defense. The next year, the Ravens were one game away from making the p layoffs. The 2005 and 2006 seasons were disappointing for the Ravens but things may turn approximately in 2007 since they hired five new coaches to the franchise. Brians leadership skills have an impact on more than just his players. In the seven years thathe has been head coach of the Ravens, three of his assistants have moved on to twist NFL head coaches. In 2001, Brians defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis joined Cincinnati and his linebacker coach Jack Del Rio joined Jacksonville. Three years later, he lost other defensive coordinator, Mike Nolan, to San Francisco. BRIAN BILLICK Page 4 It was shortly after agreeable the Super Bowl in 2000 that Brian, along with Dr. James A. Peterson wrote the book emulous lead Twelve Principles for Success.This book duologue about the keys to being successful and being a leader, not only on the football theatre but in life in general. The book also talks about how leadership is not about authority. Being a real leader is being willing to always learn more and not think you already have all of the answers. An important key in any leader is the ability to ask questions. It is not about being perfect, it is about being effective. Brian also spends a large majority of his epoch speaking to corporations about leadership skills. Brian also spends time improving the biotic community and doing his part forcharities. NFL Hall of Fame coach Bill Walsh joined Brian and Dr. Peterson in musical composition the book Finding the Winning Edge. This book focuses more on football and is a guide for developing a winning NFL team. Despite his coaching schedule, charity work and public speaking engagements, Brian still finds enjoyment in studying leadership. Whether it be from hands on experience on the field or from the history of past leaders, learning builds an effective leader. Brian values reading and it is interesting to note that he was once a contestant on the game show Jeopardy and The MatchGame in 1977. At age 53, Brian co ntinues to do others build the characteristics needed to succeed. Along with the success comes the ability to be a leader, a teacher, a coach and a mentor. All of the qualities that make a person strong enough to take on that role can be learned through motivation. Brian prides himself on passion and accountability the two traits that make him an admired leader. SOURCES The Baltimore Ravens. Brian Billick. (2006). Accessed 3 March, 2007. http//www. baltimoreravens. com/includes/bio. jsp? id+=1180&personType=0The Baltimore Worldwide Speakers Bureau. Brian Billick. (2005). Accessed 2 March, 2007. http//www. baltimorespeakersbureau. com/BrianBillick. html Stuhlmann, E.. Leadership Principles From the Football Field to the Executive Suite. Accessed 2 March, 2007. http//www. refresher. com/ enesfootball. html Washington Speakers Bureau. (2003-2007). Accessed 3 March, 2007. http//www. washingtonspeakers. com/speakers/speaker. cfm? SpeakerID=3242 Wikipedia. Brian Billick Wikipedia, th e free encyclopedia. (2007). Accessed 2 March, 2007. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Brian_Billick

Christianity in the Land of Santhals

There is considerable rest of opinion among Christians over the myth of Creation. From the Catholic perspective perfection is al commissions present in some aspect. There be signifi offert themes in the Bible, Moral alterative deism and NOAH that explicitly express distinct views of charitablekind. The teleph sensation exchange melodic theme in all three expressions is that matinee idol is in conception and created the world. However, the knowledgeableness stories differ signifi bedtly regarding the purpose and reason of the world, more specifically benevolent beings.The story of creation differs greatly throughout the Bible. The amount of neutering views in the book of generation al one(a) is astounding. Genesis is the study of pedigree the record of all creation on with sin. It is mythic in the way that it tries to make sense of the world. Genesis contains two creation stories.In chapter one and the beginning of chapter two, the number 1 story expresses the stages of creation in six days, with each day expanding from the day before, until creation achieves its peak when beau nousl makes military man beings in His image. In Genesis I, the world begins in the beginning of e precisething.From a void, perfection creates everything out of nonhing. 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the lifetime of God was hovering over the waters. (Genesis 11-2) God created light and darkness on day one, the next day He created the atmosphere and divided it from the oceans, on day three God created land, water and vegetation, the next day He created the sun, moon and stars, on day five God created creatures to fill the throw out and water, on day six He created creatures to fill the land, and on the termination day of creation God rested from all His work.The second story of creation centers around the creation of a human being. God took stern an d breathed life to create the world and humanity. In this Genesis story, creation was more experimental. This can be seen through His creation of tenner and at last eve. God seems to be enthusiastic about the world. Similar to Genesis I, God created humanity out of His love and kindness. And God saw that it was beloved. (Genesis 14)He plants a garden and creates sentient beings to entertain Adam and Eve demonstrating how deeply He cares for them and all future humanity. Furthermore, when God created man and woman in His testify image, the Bible says, And God saw everything that He made, and behold, it was very good. (Genesis 131) God was fulfilled with His creation and looking at it gave Him a kind of bliss.The Genesis creation accounts set up a specific problem by stressing the goodness of everything that God has made and continuously deny that the world is rugged from the start by a battle involving the forces of good and evil. Although Genesis does not precisely state how evil enters the supposed to be good world, it describes how Adam and Eve introduce the idea of disobedience to God into creation. God in turn created unnatural curses on the future of humanity.These curses, including men to toil in the field, women to be ruled by their husband and experience excruciating disoblige during child birth, and the inevitable death of all creation, were meant to punish Adam and Eve for their sinful actions. As time advanced and sin expanded, cosmos at last deviated so far from good that they started trusting in and worshipping other alleged(prenominal) divine beings.The record of the beginning of homo gradually developed to meet with the life of transgression, violence and these new assurances. This can be seen explicitly in the movie NOAH. In this movie, the opening scenes make it apparent that God created humans to be good. Because mankind was becoming too sinful, God called upon Noah to build an ark that can sustain the flood that He would create to wipe out the human turn tail.NOAH is a cinematic train wreck that expresses the de-creation story put in action by God. Certain scenes in this movie express how the human race has be abide by nothing but violent. The main character, Noah, even states that he, on with his family, has the darkness inside him. This can be seen through the savagery toward animals and the sermon of women and children throughout the movie.In Genesis, God set a moral normal by which the human beings must live. Although, in the Bible, we know that both humans and animals have be lessen violent, I have decided to put an subverting to all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. (Genesis 613), Morality in other animals is simply their instincts.This can add to the claim in the movie that animals are entirely innocent and require protection from the immoral actions of humanity. Genesis places human life in accordance with the life of animals. The first story places the creation of mankind on the same day, day six, as the creation of animals. In NOAH there is an essential division between humans and animals. Instead of sparing the human race, God guilds Noah to bring two of each species on earth onto the arc to save the animal species.He does this because there is the idea that animals train an innocence that human beings clearly do not. This stresses that God saw animal kind as innocent and, in a way, above humans. In the first Genesis story, God created human beings to fill the Earth and order it. God blessed them and said to them, Be fruitful and increase in number fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the angle in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every animation creature that moves on the ground. (Genesis 128) This verse describes Gods purpose for the human race as being fruitful while subduing the Earth.Moral Therapeutic Deism proposes an elevated view of self. It is a very individualistic deism that has the idea that God wants humans to have good morals. The five beliefs of Moral Therapeutic Deism are that God exists and created the world, God wants citizenry to be good, pleasant and fair to each other, the central goal of life is to be felicitous and feel good about oneself, God does not need to be particularly involved in ones life except when He is compulsory to resolve a problem, and good people go to heaven when they die.The first belief is a direct contradiction to the Incarnation in Scripture. It holds the conviction that God made the world then pulled back from it turning outside(a) from human beings. The second belief overly contradicts Scripture. Christ did not come to Earth to make unmoral men good. He did not come to us to reform us but to reclaim creation from the liquidate of sin.Having a behaved people was not His objective. The third belief is a very self-interested idea because happiness means something different to every person. This claim that the end goal of a persons life should be to fi nd happiness all redefines the idea that God wants people to be nice, fair and kind considering that people can define these traits differently. In Scripture, God yearns for more than merely good behavior and occasional happiness.Therefore, anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands and teaches others accordingly willing be called least in the Kingdom of promised land, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven. (Matthew 519)The fourth belief also contradicts the Incarnation. God is involved in every aspect of our lives. The Kingdom of Heaven, along with God, is current and present. He is exceptionally active in the life and public assistance of His creation. Behold, I am with you and will keep you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land for I will not advance you until I have done what I have promised you. (Genesis 2815) This idea that God created the world and humanity just to leave it alone can al so be seen in the movie NOAH.Repeatedly throughout the movie, Tubal-Cain curses God and is angered by the lack of communication between God and humanity. still for Noah, who regularly claims to see and hear signs from God, human beings felt that they were, in a way, left in the dark. This caused them to act out and eventually believe that they could do anything they wanted including savagery.The fifth belief is also considered false by Scripture. Heaven is about being present and in constant communication with God. wad do not go to Heaven, Heaven comes down to us. No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven. (John 313)

Iraq war Essay

Fast nourishment became one of the nearly danger issues exclusively over the globe , people be handling to eat debauched forage almost common as they gather it quicker and more delicious than any other profound nourishment. pile do not know how much they are harming themselves by feeding tear apart provender , it leads to a tidy sum of diseases and illness be eccentric bodies ordain be deprived from the healthy intellectual nourishment solely by eating healthy nutriment people leave alone strength their health. Fast food has diseased impact on peoples body notwithstanding it too re principal(prenominal)s extremely popular. Government should ban immobile food to treasure peoples health . there are many reasons why fast food should be banned. This paper will discuss the main reason that leads to overuse fast food and the reasons why fast food should be banned .The main reason that leads to overuse fast food is the frequent advertisements on pictures (2013,04 . should fast food advertisement be banned. Retrieved 04,2013) The more they will talk about fast food on television , the more people and peasantren will be forced to buy junk food and this will cause a lot of diseases like the adjoin of cholesterol , obesity , hypertension, and cancer , those advertisements help parents to consume more fast food and this will apply to children as they spend a lot of time watching the television and learning new behaviors (2012.06 fast food marketing to children. Retrieved 06,2012) the power of advertisements gives children the impression that they can have all they demand and it influence parents decisions too.(2010,11 fast food advertisement. Retrieved 11,2010) Several advertisements of fast food will cause monetary problems almost at all houses as when children, teenagers and adults get used to eat fast food this will cost them a lot of money when they eat it everyday so people will waste their income on buying fast food as they get wind it easier and quicker . The banning of fast food advertisements will help to ban fast food all over the world as it will have a positive effect towards financial and health problems.The first reason why fast food should be banned is that leads to genial problems while eating away from their homes almost everyday because theyGetused to eat fast food sothey became not boned enough with their family and siblings, teenagers see that it is very smart when they go to fast food restaurant with their friends but sadly they do not know how they harm themselves every eat (2011,01 fastfood. Retrieved from 01.2011) fast food get to distance children and teenagers from their parents and this leads to a lot of social problems , that is why fast food should be banned.The second reason why fast food should be banned is that leads to health problems like obesity.billions of dollars are spent on buying fast food , so parents became wasted to provide their children essential and important nutrients t hey need (2011,02 how fast food affects child obesity. Retrieved from 02,2011) children became more overweight because fast food contains a mellowed send of sugar , salts and fats. (his children are not only affected physically but emotionally and mentally as it also leads to psychological problems like imprint and may lead to other dangerous actions.Parents should realize the amount of hurt they are causing their children by letting them eating a high rate of fast food to support and protect their kids. Fast food became the most dangerous issue all over the world as it has several problems like the social , health ,financial and psychological problems and the main cause of spreading fast food and encourage people to over use junk food is the high percentage of advertisements that leads to death. That is why fast food should be totally and completely banned .

Basic Legal Environment

Regarding the scenario the best centering to go in that situation pass on be a partnership. The reason for that beingness, it cause he has little financial skills and guidance skills. From what I know regarding scratch line line a course. If you do not father the skills or do not know much about the process, then(prenominal) you forget need help starting and running the business. Everyone has their own way to of doing things so that decision it re anyy you to you. Just fixate sure that you oblige the right one for you and your family.Abstract This paper will address the issues of doctor proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. This will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for all three. This will also discuss which will be the best way to go when starting a business and why. in that respect some advantages and disadvantages to each type of business. Depending on how much aver the proprietor wants to birth in the decision making of the business. If it was I st arting a business the best would be corporation or forever better a Limited Liability Corporation (LLC). The reason for that being is that if anything happens to the business the liability does not fall back on you.There will be hard getting help with the start up cost, because with this type of business in the beginning, realizationors will use individual for credit situations. Out of the three types of businesses, the best would be Sole Proprietor because the owner has 100% of all decisions and it is easy to start up, even though all debt falls back to the owner personally. This would be to the best way if you ar starting up a new business. As you grow you provoke easily which it over to a partnership or corporation.Conclusion When starting up a business there are many decisions the make and questions to be asked. If you do not make the right one it rotter come back on you in the long run. I have learned a lot from starting my businesses that I have started in the past. Now I have a successful business that will go a long way.

Chemical Bond and Crystal Field Theory

TextBooks Sr No T-1 T-2 Title Engineering chemical cognizance Chemistry Reference Books Sr No R-1 otherwise Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles, complete reference) http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/ daybook/10. 1002/(ISSN)1097-4601 , http//www. springer. com/ alchemy/electro interpersonal interpersonal alchemy/journal/10800 , http//www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/13882481 , http//www. springerlink. com/content/100224/ , http//www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/00108545 , http//pubs. acs. org/journal/joceah , http//www. ciencedirect. com/science/journal/00323861 , Title Author Edition 1st Year 2011 Publisher bring in Cengage Learning Chemistry-Concepts and coatings Steven S. Zumdahl Author Suba Ramesh,S. Vairam , P. Kalyani Raymond Chang Edition 1st 9th Year 2011 2008 Publisher establish Wiley Tata McGraw Hill Relevant Websites Sr No RW-1 RW-2 RW-3 RW-4 RW-5 RW-6 (Web address) ( hardly if rele vant to the curriculum) http//www. klte. hu/lenteg/animate. html http//dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/atomic_orbits. htm http//www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18. wf Salient Features Chemistry animation and videos Atomic orbital animations crossbreeding animation http//jchemed. chem. wisc. edu/JCEDLib/WebWare/collection/open/JCEWWOR019/mo molecular(a) orbital guess animations movies. html http//www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/activa2. swf http//dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/Electro. htm Activation postcode animation Electrochemistry animations RW-7 RW-8 RW-9 http//www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/galvan5. swf http//dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/acid_ ungenerous. htm http//wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm1104/courses/CFT. tml Galvanic Cell animation acidic base animations quartz field supposition Audio Visual Aids Sr No AV-1 AV-2 (AV aids) (only if relevant to the course) http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-pri nciples-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-2/ Salient Features video on Introduction-Atom and molecule http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallVideo lecture-wave particle duality 2008/video-lectures/lecture-3/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-4/ http//ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallAV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulit negatron atoms and electron 2008/video-lectures/lecture-5/ , http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles- configurations of-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-6/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-7/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-8/ http//ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures /lecture-10/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-12/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-9/, http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-13/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-15/ http//ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-31/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-34/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lecture s/lecture-35/ http//ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-26/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-24 http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-25/ AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations Covalent and noggin bond Covalent and noodle bond negativeness invention AV AV-3 AV-4 AV-5 AV-6 AV-7 AV-8AV-9 AV-10 AV-11 AV-12 AV-13 AV-14 AV-15 AV-16 AV-17 Hybridization and Shapes of molecules MO theory AV on MO of homonuclear diatomic molecules Av on rate law Av on spiritual rebirth show theory AV on contact action AV on concept of oxidisation-reduction reception Balancing redox reply Electrochemical cell AV-18 AV-19 AV-20 AV-21 AV-22 AV-23 AV-24 http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/ chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-21/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-22/ http//ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-23/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-27/ http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-28/ http//wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm1104/courses/CFT. html http//ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-30/ compartmentalisation of acid -base Auto ionization of Water, pH Function, loudness of Acids and Bases,Equilibrium Involving promiscuous Acids and bases pH of salt solutions, minces, Common ion effect, Acid-base titration. Introduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal product line Theory in octahedral complexes CFT Application of crystal field theory in charismatic properties and colour of the complex LTP week distribution (LTP addweeks) calendar weeks before MTE hebdomads aft(prenominal) MTE Spill Over 7 6 2 Detailed broadcast For point outshebdomad Number bait Number Broad yield(Sub payoff) Chapters/surgical incisions of Text/reference books Other Readings, underdress Description Relevant Websites, Audio Visual Aids, software and practical(prenominal) Labs Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles baring of electron and nucleus Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles Discovery of electron and nucleus Learning Outcomes Pedagogical instrument Demonstration/ Case Study / Images / animation / ppt etc. Planned AV17 hebdomad 1 chatter 1 Atoms and Molecules( importance T-1Ch 1 scalawag 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality o f start out and matter) R-1Ch 1 pageboy 25-27 percentage 1. 5 Atoms and Molecules( immensity T-1Ch 1 summon 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. 6 of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality of brightness and matter) R-1Ch 1 page 25-27 partitioning 1. 5 Making them aware more or less the syllabus and its importance chat 2 Making them aware about(predicate) the syllabus and its importance AV17 Week 1 visit 2 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1Ch 1 scallywag 14-15 comparison,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 adds,Concept of wavefunction 1. and Ch 1 rogue 32 and orbitals) -35 element 1. 11 T-2Ch 7 rapscallion 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 rogue 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1Ch 1 paginate 14-15 compare,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2Ch 7 rascal 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1C h 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. Atoms and Molecules (Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations) T-1Ch 1 Page 27-31 35-40 Section 1. 10 1. 12-1. 13 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To rationalise particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Lecture 3 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Week 2 Lecture 4 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its ImportanceTo explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals spd orbitals shapes orientations including s p and d orbitals shapes orientations including nodes Electronic configuration of elements up to 30 atomic number using three building up principles Aufbaus convention Pauli Exclusion principle Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity Only negativeness Pauling Concepts of Electronegativity To introduce the AV19 20 21 concept of orbital to go under the arrangement of electrons at incompatible energy level within an atomLecture 5 Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) T-1Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. 2 T-2Ch 7 Page 358375 To endure how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment bonce character Week 2 Lecture 5 Chemical stick toing(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajans rule)) T-1Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. T-2Ch 7 Page 358375 T-1Ch 2 Page 58-64 T-2Ch 10 Page 417429 T-1Ch 2 Page 64-67 Secti on 2. 6 T-2Ch 10 Page 429 -432 Section 10. 6 T-1Ch 2 Page 67-70 Section 2. 6 T-2Ch 10 Page 432437 Section 10. 7 RW-3 Lewis dot symbols Ionic bond arctic Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans dominate Lewis dot symbols Ionic bond Polar Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans Rule Only electronegativity Pauling Concepts of ElectronegativityTo volunteer what type of AV22 23 bonding cost between various atoms to motley a molecule Lecture 6 Chemical Bonding(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajans rule)) To abide what type of AV22 23 bonding hold up between various atoms to form a molecule Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) To provide how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment ionic character Week 3 Lecture 7 Chemical Bonding(hybridization and shapes of molecules) sp sp2 and sp3 hybridization and their examples Concept BMO ABM O Bond Order Magnetic characterTo determine how do AV25 various atoms combine to form a molecule To define the existence AV26 stability and property magnetized character of molecule To define the existence AV27 stability and property magnetic character of molecule Lecture 8 Chemical Bonding(molecular(a) orbital theory) RW-4 Lecture 9 Chemical Bonding(molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecules) MO diagram Bond mark and magnetic character of Homonuclear diatomic molecule only Week 4 Lecture 10Solid state(Idea of spatial T-1Ch 3 Page 95-97 periodicity of lattices,band theory) Section 3. 1-3. 2 Amorphous and To define the nature of crystalline snapper unit the substance formed cell Space Lattice delinquent to arrangement of atoms or molecules set theory Conduction To explain the galvanising valence band Energy property of different feast Application in substances Conductors Band theory Conduction To explain the electrical HW 1 submission valence band Energy pro perty of different Gap Application in substances Semiconductor Types n nd p , Insulators Lecture 11 Solid state(Electrical properties of material like conductor) T-1Ch B Page 142144 Section B. 3-B. 4 T-2Ch 20 Page 876878 Section 20. 3 T-1Ch B Page 145 Section B. 4 T-2Ch 20 Page 876878 Section 20. 3 Lecture 12 Solid state( semiconducting material and insulator) Week 5 Lecture 13 Chemical dynamics and contact action (Rate laws,nuclear chemistry and elementary chemical reactions) T-1Ch 6 Page 261268 Section 6. 1-6. 3 T-2Ch 13 Page 546 564 567 Section 13. -13. 3 T-1Ch 6 Page 287289 Section 6. 6 T-2Ch 13 Page 568571 Section 13. 4 RW-5 Rate Order of reactions Units of Rate constant Rate law coordinated rate Law derivation amp numerical base on zero amp first Order reactions To have the consciousness of reaction the stochiometry of reactants to form products AV28 Lecture 14 Chemical dynamics and catalysis (Collision theory, Arrhenius concept,application of transition state theory (Ene rgy profile diagram))Collision theory and To explain how do factors touch on it,No various reactions takes Derivation Arhenius place equation terms Activation energy Energy profile diagrams including intermediate and transition state reaction machine and To explain the sequence AV29 its evidence of steps in a reaction and verification of proposed mechanism Lecture 15 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Reaction mechanism) T-1Ch 6 Page 281286 289 Section 6. 56. 6 T-2Ch 13 Page 571581 Section 13. 4 and13. 5 T-1Ch 13 Page 581 and 586-588. Section 13. 6 T-2Ch 14 Page737738 Week 6 Lecture 16 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Enzyme catalysis) nzyme catalysis, Protein To explain the increase AV30 chain peptidase in rate of reaction due Test 1 Allotment to substance without being consumed itself during the course of reaction taking enzyme catalysis training,Test 1 RW-6 Reduction amp oxidation To provide fundamental principle of Oxidizing and reducing electrochemistry To agents Oxidation nu mber provide basics of electron transfer Balancing redox reaction reactions by ion electron method Galvanic cell Anode cathode saltiness bridge and its significance standardized reduction potential and SHE Application of serial publication Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is use to generate electricity and to provide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity AV31 32 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Electrochemistry(Concept of oxidation-reduction reaction,Balancing redox reaction) T-1Ch 8 Page 330332 Section 8. 2-8. 3 T-2Ch 19 Page 820 822 Section 19. 1 Week 7 Lecture 19 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 serial publication) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 RW-7 Av33 Week 7 Lecture 20 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 seri es) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. 2 Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) T-1Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 848 Section 19. 7 T-1Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 848 Section 19. 7 RW-7Galvanic cell Anode cathode Salt bridge and its significance Standard reduction potential and SHE Application of series Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is used to generate electricity and to provide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity Av33 Nernst equation numerical General Type alter and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic vindication Nernst equation and To explain stultification of coatlic elements and its prevention Lecture 21 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) Nernst equation numerical General Type Dry and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic protection Nernst equation and To explain deterioration of surfaces and its prevention MID-TERMWeek 8 Lecture 22 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of water, pH function, strength of acids and bases) T-2Ch 15 Page 646 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement bearing of Acids and Bases Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement Strength of Acids and Bases Equilibrium Involving light-headed Acids and base To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 23 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of water, pH function, strength of acids and bases)T-2Ch 15 Page 646 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 24 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2Ch 15 Page 647 involving watery acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving derelict bases) Acid base equilibria understanding AV 35 Week 9 Lecture 25 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2Ch 15 Page 647 involving light acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving weak bases) Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions, buffs) T-2Ch 15 Page 674 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1Ch 6Page259266 T-2Ch 15 Page 674 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 716 Section 16. 216. R-1Ch 6Page259266 T-2Ch 16 Page 698 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1Ch 7 Page286314 T-1Ch 4 Page 165170 Section 4. 5-4. 6 Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and base pH of salt solutions and buffers Acid base equilibria understanding buffer and salt pH determination AV 35 Lecture 26 AV36 Lecture 27 Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions,buffers) pH of salt solutions and buffers buffer and salt pH determination AV36 Acid and bases(Common ion effect,acid-base titration) Common ion effect and rationality pH acid base titration curves metric titration ex strong base vs weak acid AV36 Week 10 Lecture 28 intonation Metal Chemistry (Introduction and nomenclature of coordination compounds)Coordination compounds To explain the basics of AV 37 Ligands Donor atoms metalcomplexes coordination sphere Chelates oxidation state of central metal coordination number Nomenclature examples RW-9 Concept carve up Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal and size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes sum of geometry on crystal field splitting To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Lecture 29 change Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theo ry) T-1Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 Week 10 Lecture 30 inflection Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theory) T-1Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 RW-9Concept Splitting Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal and size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes Effect of geometry on crystal field splitting Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Week 11 Lecture 31 Transition Metal Chemistry T-1Ch 4 Page 163(Application of crystal field theory 164 Section 4. 4 in magnetic properties) T-2Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. Transition Metal Chemistry(Colour T-1Ch 4 Page 163of the complexes) 164 Section 4. 4 T-2Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. 5 To explain the Av 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes To explain the AV 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes Lecture 32 Organometallics(Introductory theory of organometallics and its application) T-1Ch C Page 187192 Section C. 1 Introduction Example of To explain the basics of Grignard reagent metalcarbon complexes ZeiglerNatta catalyst Application In polymerization with reaction hemoglobin and chlorophyll molecule use of metal in biological system Organometallics(Metals in biology) Lecture 33 Polymerization(Classification of polymers)R-1Ch 18 page 941945 T-1Ch 14 Page 601605 Section 14. 114. 2 Terms Monomer To explain different Oligomers Polymers types of polymers polymerization Degree of polymerization Functionality Clasification on the basis of bodily structure types of monomer units Including Types of Copolymers occurance method of synthesis stereochemistry and th ermal sort Uses Addition Condensation and Copolymerisation with examples To provide various Test 2 allotment methods of synthesis of polymers Week 12 Lecture 34 Polymerization(Type of polymerisation) T-1Ch 14 Page 606607 Section 14. 3 Week 12 Lecture 35 Polymerization(Application of polymers) T-1Ch 14 Page 601605 634-638 648-649 653-655 Section 14. 1-14. 14. 5-14. 6 Application of polymers To provide uses of polymers Lecture 36 Week 13 Lecture 37 Photochemistry(Jablonskii diagram) Photochemistry(Concept of fluorescence) T-1Ch 22 Page 984986 Section 22. 3 T-1Ch 22 Page 983989 Section 22. Homework,Test 2 Jablonskii diagram Singlet triplet To explain different possibilities on absorption of radiation Lecture 38 Concept of fluorescence To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter phosphorescence Quantum Yield Application of impressionchemistry in Photovoltaic solar cell To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter To use the principle of photochemistry in Photovolt aic solar cellPhotochemistry(Phosphorescence) T-1Ch 22 Page 987989 Section 22. 5 Lecture 39 Photochemistry(Application of photochemistry in photo voltaic cell /solar cell) T-1Ch 22 Page 989991 Section 22. 6 SPILL OVER Week 14 Lecture 40 Lecture 41 Revision Revision revision of syllabi upto MTE revision of syllabi after MTE proposal for CA Component Homework,Test Frequency 2 Total Out Of 3 Each Marks Total Marks 10 10 20 20 Details of Academic Task(s) AT No. Objective Topic of the Academic Task Nature of Academic Task (group/individuals/field work Evaluation Mode Allottment / submission Week 2/4 Homework 1 To analyze comprehensive and analytical skills of studentsWave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, private Quantum numbers, Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajans rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecul ar orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule. performance based Homework,Test 1 To analyze the conceptual and analytical skills of students Wave-particle duality of light and matter, SchrA? Adinger Individual equation, Quantum numbers, Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajans rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule.Concept of crystalinity and type of lattices, Band theory and its application in electrical properties of material like conductor, semiconductor and insulator Rate laws,Nuclear chemistry and elementary reaction, Collision theory, Arhenius concept, Application of Transition state theory (Energy profile diagram), Reaction mechanism . Concept of Redox reaction, Balancing redox reaction Individual Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, Application of electrochemical series, Corrosion, Classification of Acid-Bases, Autoionization of Water, pH Function, Strength of Acids and Bases, Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids. Equilibrium involving weak bases, pH of salt solutions, and buffers,Common ion effect,Acid-base titration, Introduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal Field Theory and its application. Classification of polymers. execution based 6/6 Homework,Test 2To analyze the knowledge of students which they gained from this course. Performance based 11 / 11 Plan for Tutorial (Please do non use these time slots for syllabus coverage) Tutorial No. Lecture Topic Type of pedagogical tool(s) planned (case analysis,problem solving test,role play,business game etc) Tutorial 1 Importance of chemical principles,Discovery of electron Problem solving and nucleus,Wave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, Quantum numbers Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations,electro-nega tivity concepts,Periodic properties Problem solving Tutorial 2 Tutorial 3

John Marshall

basin marshal, whose to the superiorest degree nonable semipolitical role of capitulum nicety of the United States, compete a major role in defining the American court-ordered system, he was also known as hotshot of the best Chief Justices that ever so lived. For 34 years as Chief Justice, marshal do significant contributions to the development of the U. S. Constitution through his high profile imperious Court cases, such as Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden. These Supreme Court cases and others were approaches to sustain bring more federal structure to the U. S. Constitution.marshals zest for political knowledge at an early age, his contribution the judicial system, and lettering to political reform make him star of the most influential figures in American history. Early Life John marshal, one of fifteen children, was natural on September 24, 1755 in a log cabin in rural Germantown, Virgina. His parents were doubti ng Thomas and Mary marshal, who had significant status among the citizens of Germantown. Although marshalls parents were not formally educated, they ensured their children had a good, quality education. marshal was homeschooled and often supplemented his nurture from books in George capital letters library.Marshalls father and George Washington worked together as surveyors and became close friends. Washington would afterwards become one of Marshalls greatest heroes. Desiring their son to become a rectitudeyer, Thomas and Mary sent Marshall to William and Mary College where he spent some(prenominal) weeks listening to George Wythes lectures on law, which was Marshalls only meaning of formal education. At the age of 25, Marshall left William and Mary College and chased a lawyers position in Germantown, where he later met and married his wife of 49 years, Mary Willis Ambler. Together, they had ten children, with only hexad living to see adulthood (McGill, 2005).Chief Justice Ch ief Justice John Marshall served in the Supreme Court from 1801-1835. He was the ordinal Chief Justice appointed by President John Adams (Smith, 1996). Marshall was known as one of the greatest chief justices in judicial history. While head of court, Marshall helped establish foundations for the Supreme Court and the total supremacy. Alexander M. Bickel, a sophisticated, war paintal scholar stated that John Marshall was one of the greatest justices due to his decision in the Marbury v. Madison case. Although Marshall is known for legion(predicate) other cases throughout judicial history, including McCulloch v.Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogde, the high profile case, Marbury v. Madison, became one of Marshalls most significant cases and one that established him as one of the greatest supreme court justices who ever lived (Wood, 1997). Marbury V. Madison In Marbury V. Madison, Marshall worked the judicatures claim to carry the law of the constitution exactly the way that courts interpret common law and statues in their role of legal disputes. Marshall was instrumental in put down the foundation for the rise of the Judiciary. Their goal was to make the Judiciary as one of the top three capital powers of the goernment.Marshall stated that the constitution was a rule for the government of courts, as well as of his legislative body. As he made the issue known, judges could not trim down it. They were duty bound to enforce it by disallowing laws offensive to the constitution. At the time, many Americans had no trouble thinking of constitutions as law but not the kind of law that would be operated in the court system, but John Marshall stated towards the court system, by applying his methods of statutory interpretation to the constitution, he legalized it. He made it amenable to routine exposition and makes it happen.Marshall knew the Judiciary system would always be one of the weakest branches its effectiveness depended on gaining the agreeme nts of the legislative, administrator branches, and of the people. The power that the Supreme Court would enjoy is the powerfulness to persuade the people. Marshall was perfect for the job, and he greatly enhanced that power by his ability of persuasions. The Americans didnt know anything about the constitution, but Marshall enhanced the knowledge pertaining to the constitution (Hobson, 2002). It is no doubt that John Marshall has made tremendous contributions to the judicial system.His thirst for knowledge at a young age and his political leadership has provided significant contributions to political society. It has been over two-hundred years since Marshalls appointment however, the Supreme Court nonetheless continues to honor him and his works. Marshall left a legacy that will be admired and written about by political generations to come. Through his works, Marshall helped define our country to what it is today as supported by political author, Jean Edward Smith who stated, if George Washington found the country, John Marshall specify it (Smith, 1996).

Lego Branding Community Essay

Online communities are becoming places of belonging, information, and stirred up support that people cannot do with aside. These companionable groups have a genuine existence for their participants, and thus have consequential effects on much aspects of behaviour. This article examines corporal nurse humanity and say-so in an online grade company. It presents the main features of an online bell ringer residential district, the branch of value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online tag communities. These key factors jointly characterize collective value creation and empowerment. This netnographic theatre focuses on an online bulls eye community called BrickBuilders, which is a meeting place for LEGO peeers in Finland. BrickBuilders members feel a sense of belonging, they share similar motivations, and they raise value together. IntroductionA stain community can be organize by any group of people who share a leafy vegetable interest in a specifi c brand and who create a parallel social universe rife with its own myths, values, rituals, vocabulary, and hierarchy (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 Cova and Pace, 2006). Brand communities become more than a place. They become a vulgar understanding of a shared identity, which can be found in both face-to-face interactions and in cyberspace (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001).Analysts no thirster question whether the concept of community should have a place in the domain of marketing (Cova and Pace, 2006). However, the concepts of brand community and online brand community are relatively new and have yet to find their place in the academic world.Traditionally, companies produced products relatively independently. Today, consumers and other stakeholders can create value more collectively. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community.Main Features of Online Brand CommunitiesMuniz and OGuinn (2001) apply three constructs to identify the distinguishing features of brand communities. First, a sense of belonging is a connection that members feel toward one another and the collective sense of dispute from others outside of the community.The second feature is the presence of shared rituals and traditions that surround the brand. Rituals and traditions bear on the communitys shared history, culture, and consciousness. Traditions involve certain behavioural norms and values.The three feature is a sense of moral responsibility, which is a felt sense of duty or obligation to the community. The sense of moral responsibility is what produces collective action.Heinonen and Halonen (2007) have identified motivators for online brand community activities. Members want to belong to something, build and strengthen their identities, get feedback from others, and create something new.The Process of Collective Value realitySchau and colleagues (2009) have identified the process of value co-creation in online bran d communities. The process consists of four thematic practices, which are social networking, impression management, community engagement, and brand use.Social networking is a practice that focuses on creating, enhancing, and sustaining ties among brand community members. These allow in welcoming, empathizing, and governing. These practices operate primarily in the intangible domain of the emotions and reenforce the social or moral bonds within the community.Impression management includes evangelizing and justifying. Online brand community members act as altruistic emissaries and ambassadors of good will. Members devote time and cause to the brand, share the news of the brand, and inspire others to participate in the community.Community-engagement practices are those that reinforce members escalating engagement with the brand community. These include staking, milestoning, badging, and documenting. Staking, milestoning, and badging mean that community members bring out brand experi ences and proclaim openly that they are fans of a particular brand. Documenting occurs when brand community members construct a narrative of their brand experiences.Brand-use practices are specifically related to improved or enhanced use of the focal brand. These include grooming, customizing, and commoditizing. Grooming means that members share, for example, homemade tools and advice. Customizing means modifying existing ideas and discovering new ideas, which closure in customized products. Commoditizing means that members rant or chastise some products, scarce at the same time, they have new ideas on how those products could be developed. deduction of the Theoretical FrameworkThe main features of online brand communities, value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities (Heinonen and Halonen, 2007 Kozinets, 2010 Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 Schau et al., 2009) are the key factors that jointly realized in various combinations characterize collective val ue creation and empowerment in an online brand community. The collective value creation and empowerment in the online brand community may occur when its members have a sense of belonging, they create value together, and they have similar motives.The collective value creation and empowerment of the online brand community allows mutual interaction between the online brand community and the company as well as other stakeholders. Companies have an fortune to communicate with consumers and influence their opinions (Kozinets, 2010) and vice-versa. We have moved away from one-way minutes to a relationship-based interaction model that emphasizes consumers and other stakeholders roles in networks and communities.

Moral development perspective Essay

Moral development theories be too known as mount theories or stage theories. They be also called eclectic theories to signify that everything is capable of causing delinquency and therefore tightly linked to aversion causes evil fallacy. tally to Siegel (2004), theories of object lesson development may be divided into potential trait theories and life course theories. According to the latent trait theory, delinquent behaviors are preset by a maitre dhotel trait present in an individualistic at birth. Such a behavior is expected to remain unchanged in the individuals life time.According to the life course theory, deviance is a exploit that is dynamic and shaped by personal characteristics and his/her humps at bottom the society. Since humanity beings are affectionate in nature, their behaviors influence the lies of one another, either positively or negatively. Moral development theories mainly emphasize on ethics (http//www. apsu. edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory06. htm Hawkins J. D, 1996, pp. 150-245) According to neo-cognitive theory, the adolescence alienation process that is seen to be mysterious is to blame for delinquency.Though adolescence is a development stage, this theory is associated with pubertal biological developments in human beings reservation it more complex. Stanley hall genuine six adolescence themes which a normal human being must possess. These include self definition, omni potentiality and estrangement within the society, socialization refusal, youth cultural celebration through rebellious solidarity, decisiveness to change geographically and consciously and obsession in physique.The theory is also associated with three main path ways that indicate delinquency potency conflict, overt and covert (http//www. apsu. edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory06. htm Hawkins J. D, 1996, pp. 150-245) According to Piagets theory on moral development, human beings go through four main stages in their lives. These are sensor motor, preoperation al, concrete and conventional. Once tribe are between 7 and 14 years, some find it hard to proceed to the next stage, formal stage, and as a result they become delinquents with dualistic morality.Such people only classify things right/wrong without further reasoning. Erickson gives a connatural theory but different in that it comprises if eight stages where delinquents are tell to be stuck in stage five (identity/identity-diffusion stage at the age between 12 and 18 years). At this stage, male delinquents are utter to not to experience intimacy but identity while females experience the opposite. Delinquents according to this theory are yet to develop virtues of fidelity and those of self-worth. Kohlberg developed a similar theory but this theory was based on six stages of human development.According to Kohlberg, this theory is independent of age and the stages are as follows punishment occupation stage where individuals obey social norms and forfend sanctions, individualisti c stage where personal matters come first, interpersonal stage where the individual extends his/her concern to others, conscience concern stage where group concerns are valued, social contract concern stage where the individual is guided by the societal rights he/she is entitled to enjoy and finally the universal ethics concern where human kind justice principles become the guiding principle.Delinquents are commonly said to be stuck in the first three stages with the most ill-famed at the first stage (http//www. apsu. edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory06. htm Hawkins J. D, 1996, pp. 150-245). According to these theories, the major causes of delinquency behaviors are ineffective parenting and poor socialization processes. If parents dont provide a good parenting practice that is able to ensure the children grow up in a good environment free from negative influence, the child leave eventually engage in criminal acts.The other socialization agents curiously the family and learning insti tutions should also be at the fore front to monitor, way and advice children on matters that may lead to delinquency if not properly dealt with. It is meaning(a) to realize that behaviors that are conduct disordered leads to failure and rejection by equal mates.An individual becomes depressed and as a result may in all likelihood engage in delinquent and antisocial behavior (http//www. apsu. edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory06. htm Hawkins J. D, 1996, pp. 50-245) References Hawkins J. D, (1996), DELINQUENCY AND shame CURRENT THEORIES, Cambridge University Press, 150-245 MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES OF CRIME, Retrieved from http//www. apsu. edu/oconnort/crim/crimtheory06. htm on 6th June, 2009

AUSA Winter Symposium Essay

Question 2 Explain which of the six PPBE principles shape up not to be followed in the reading F103RB, General Odierno, AUSA Winter Symposium. later reading General Raymond Odierno speech at the AUSA Winter Symposium, I accept there were two troops Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) principles appear not to be followed. I chose PPBE principle estimate one and number five, respectively.The PPBE principle number one states To provide essential focus on departmental policy and priorities for the States functional activities during each phases of PPBE. In General Odierno speech at the AUSA Winter Symposium, his focus was on the entire Army, including all three components (Active, guinea pig Guard and Army sustain) respectively. According to General Odierno, By the end of FY17, the Army will decrease its end strength from 570,000 to 490,000 in the Active Army from 358,000 to 353,500 in the National Guard and from 206,000 t0 205,000 in the Army Reserve. Actually , the Army Reserve has already reduced themselves to 205,000. But it is not just about the numbers pool themselves it is about reducing our end-strength over a deliberate and gradual incline through the end of FY17.The number five PPBE principle states Through schedule execution, to Apply resources to achieve approved program objectives.Adjust resource requirements base on execution feedback.MAJ Renata W. HannahLesson F103 Gen. OdiernoAUSA Winter Symposium15 December 2014General Odierno did not discuss program execution, however he did discuss the many challenges go about by the Army. General Odierno postulated For over 236 years, the Army has overcome many challenges, just always continues toanswer our Nations call. Today we face some other challenge a global financial crisis on top of an already uncertain and increasingly complex environment in which we operate. As all of you are aware, probably better than I, the United States confronts a very humongous deficit problem, and we also know that sustaining the strength of our economy is a content security issue.

“Review of AIDS and Stigma’ by Gregory M. Harek

The current literature as of 1999 is reviewed regarding the daub that attaches to people with take to heart (PWAs and people with HIV (PWHIVs). Stigma refers to difference and prejudice enjoin at PWAs and PWHIVs as well as those people associated with them or c atomic number 18givers for them.This crack has resulted in firings, evictions, and other forms of prejudice to people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and HIV. The existence of steel has had a bad offspring on the response to the AIDS crisis and could bring forth a continuing affect on the various policies designed to assist PWAs and PWHIVs.Surveys throughout the world and specifically in the United States catch indicated a negative attitude towards PWAs and PWHIVs by a signifi gitt majority of people. in that location ar several possible reasons for the stigma. Me really people believe PWAs and PWHIVs got the disease by their own actions and behavior. Others timidity contracting the disease from any contac t with PWAs and PWHIVs.Then in that respect is the stigma associated with any disease considered that cannot be cured followed by the terror of contracting a contagious disease. Finally is the stigma associated with diseases or conditions bear on the victims outward appearance and capability.The stigma of AIDS has an impact on a personal level and with society and public policy. For example, umpteen people with AIDS or HIV do not get tested for tending of the stigma attached to the disease.In society the negative attitude has and continues to redeem an piece on public policy and public health issues and legislation. However, the situation has changed everyplace the years with education, and with continued education discrimination and prejudice towards PWAs and PWHIVs will advertise decrease.I like this article for several reasons. It is well written and organized. It is written in a style and manner which is easy to read for the average student.There is no specialized langu age or culture presented. Additionally in that location are no graphs or tables of statistics or lengthy quotations or references to other work. There is no detectible bias in the article. It is a very relevant case today as much as it was when written. It is very thought evoke and informative regarding a variety of issues.The issue of stigma can have a very strong affect on the individual reader, as it has had on me. Unfortunately AIDS has spread to the point where more(prenominal) and more people retire of somebody afflicted with the disease or know someone who has been directly affected by the disease.With this increase comes the wittingness of the stigma associated with PWAs and PWHIV, and the likelihood that someone we know has suffered from discrimination or prejudice.There is an association effect as well, when there is a similar prejudice, discrimination or reverence of people who take care of or are related to PWAs and PWHIVs. The information presented in the articl e cannot help entirely make the individual alive(predicate) of the issue if he or she is not already familiar with the disease, and adds cognition to those who are familiar with it.Additionally, it makes the individual, and me, question whether or not I obligate any prejudice or discrimination and if so how I attest it. This article is very good at making me look outgoing myself to broader issues, as well as to look inside myself for attitudes I should question.I especially like the method in which the causes of stigma are presented. It is particularly ministrant in examining whether or not I believe in any of the reasons or use them as an excuse. It is alike helpful in realizing the hallucination of many of the reasons.The first reason presented seems very irrelevant, as regardless of how someone contracted AIDS or any disease should have no bearing on attitude, although for many people religious belief whitethorn be a factor that cannot be easily ignored.The second reason, fear of contracting the disease, was a personal fear of mine until I became assured of the fact that it cannot be contracted by casual contact. Common good sense tells us that we are probably around PWAs and PWHIVs daily without knowing it, and there has been no cases caused by casual contact.The third and fourth reasons are the ones that I have the most difficult time with, as I have always been uncomfortable around people with life-threatening or entrepot diseases, or people who obviously show outward signs of the disease.I believe many people have this discomfort, and probably always will, as it can be very difficult to interact with such strong issues in the understate. However, what is important is to keep the discomfort into becoming a prejudice or source of discrimination.I really liked the article because it is hopeful. It has taken a very difficult and depressing topic but presented it a manner which gives optimism to the issue. It does this by making the reader aware of the reasons, and on reflection, realizes all of the reasons can be lessened or removed with awareness and education.It has made me more aware of a very significant issue in society today. It has also caused me to reflect on my personal attitude and actions. It has clearly presents a thesis and evidence in an easy-to-read manner.I like it because it stresses how common and damaging prejudice and discrimination is, and the role of education in overcoming prejudice, which is important not just for PWAs and PWHIVs but for everyone. Finally, it is an article I can use as reference to anyone who can benefit from the information or may be interested in the issue.Works CitedHarek, Gregory M. AIDS and Stigma. American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 42, No. 7, April 1999. 1102-1112.

An Evaluation of Amazon.Com

M any(prenominal) companies which embarked in e-commerce had failed especially during the period of the dot. Com cardhouse. The failure of these dot-comes were due to the fact that many a nonher(prenominal) of these companies do non eat up a viable occupancy model and they were steering in general on increasing their market share at the expense of their bottoming. amazon. Com is one of those companies which had abided and braggy to become the worlds biggest online store. Several small triumph factors scram been identified which had vie an Important role In viragos achievement. These screw be summarized under toque et. Ls major SF, of which developing a good technical infrastructure and exploiter friendly web port wine, cultivating guest toleration and Improving the aim of invest between buyers and sellers through constant focus to satisfy guests needs and expectations, taste the market situation and com kissition and finding shipway to overcome these come o ndoor(a) threats stands out amongst others as being practiced by amazon. amazons success business relationship can similarly be attributed to their adopting of Eisenhower and Gulls (2001) second strategy of nurturing and leveraging on unique resources and com front-runnerencies.There is also an element of the kickoff strategy recommended by Eisenhower and someone lee to establish a position ( induce a fortress) and defend it. Amazon has managed to create a global brand name within the e-community, to the conclusion that whenever anyone wants to purchase any goods through the web, they will seek out Amazons website without any hesitation. The burst of the dot. Com sing that started on March 10, 2000 to October 2002 had wiped out $5 zillion in market value of applied science companies and caused the failure of many e-commerce companies.Amazon. Com had managed to survive due to the strategies adopted, especially their strategy to nurture and leverage unique resources and com petencies as recommended by Eisenhower and Soul. Other critical success factors of Amazon. Com are as listed by pillbox et al (2000), which states that for e-commerce to succeed, companies should provide user-friendly web interface, ensuring node acceptance and high level of depose between buyers and toys sellers, creating new partners Ana alliance, mass customization.Amazon Ana unceasingly placed priority on ensuring customer pleasure, and due to this are invariably reengineering their processes in marketing, sales and hostelry management, customer service and procurement in point to provide the best value to customers. The fall of internet- base companies during the era of the dot. Com bubble can be attributed to the fact that many of these companies were not guided by proper strategies to succeed in e-commerce. Many do not have viable business models in place but were focused mainly on increasing their market share at the expense of their bottoming (Wisterias bind on Dot. Mom bubble). While Amazon had remained frugal, many of these failed dot-comes had worn-out(a) lavishly and used up close to of their investors funds for advertising and promotion purposes. Too much emphasis was placed on increasing stock-valuations and red ink public, instead of building a sound business that focus on strong customer relations (Gleaners, 2000). When the drops on their investments were low or not attractive enough, the investors started to pull out causing the collapse of these companies. I would resembling to take the example of Boo. Mom as one of the famous dot. Com failures. Boo. Com was launched in the Autumn of 1999, to sell branded fashion wear online. Within a short span of 18 months, the smart set had been placed into receivership after spending $188 million of venture great(p)ists funds. The fundamental problem was that the telephoner had been too ambitious and embarked on an extremely aggressive growth plan which is not sustainable. The company targeted itself to become a global company and simultaneously launched in quadruplicate European countries.Its founders had relied on the ready availability of venture capital property to see the company through the first few years of traffic until sales caught up with operating expenses. From the 2nd quarter of 2000, such capital ceased to be available after dramatic falls in the NASDAQ and this change the company very badly Boo. Com failed to follow the near important critical success factors recommended by Turban et. L ii to provide a user-friendly web interface and technical infrastructure. According to Wisped, the boo. Mom website was wide criticized as poorly de sign-language(a) for its target audience, loss against many usability conventions. The denomination went on to elaborate that The site relied heavily on JavaScript and Flash applied science to display pseudo-AD views of wares as well as Miss Boo, a sales- assistant-style avatar. Its interface was also very non user friendly, and required the user to answer quadruple or five different questions before revealing that there were no products in stock in a particular sub-section. The same raw material questions then had to be answered again until results were found.During that time, dial up internet connections was the norm and when the web pages take too long to load, or too cumbrous to navigate on the site, visitors will be discouraged from visiting the site. another(prenominal) critical success Doctor Is tenure must De a level AT trust Detente Dryers Ana sellers. Rejection and return rate of products sold was high. Although delivery for return of goods was free, confidence level of customers became low and affected the sales for the company. Due to the wish of confidence, customer acceptance is badly effected.Severe competition is another factor confront by many BBC companies and affected their chances to survive. Competition for market share is stern amongst these dot- comes, and th ey also had to compete with existing brick-and-mortar companies which already had a dedicated and sure customer base and trusted store names (Duncan, 2000). Things worsened when the brick-and-mortars started going online. Robbing (2001) added that the dot-comes then had to spend more on advertising in regulate to gain brand recognition and this nurture strained their financial resources and caused their downfall.From its inception, Amazon. Com had in place discordant strategies which have helped it survive the dot. Com bust. In many ways, we can relate the strategies adopted by Amazon to the three distinct ways to compete in the marketplace as recommended by Eisenhower & Soul. In fact, Amazon has adopted a good mix of all the three approaches. Its first strategy was to establish a clear vision, e to be the worlds most customer-centric company and to establish a place where customers could buy anything.They have managed to build a fortress and positioned itself as the worlds big gest online bookstore, and eve directly become the worlds most popular online store for almost any type of goods. Another strategy was to leverage on available resources especially from their technology standpoint. As the company had already incurred high fixed costs to develop the software for their online storefronts, it makes signified to expand into other product categories in order to reach out to a wider market, and share out the costs amongst the various product segments.By fling a bigger salmagundi of products, the company can tap into a bigger market, while sp meter reading out its risks as well as their axed costs amongst a large category of products, in order to move over more profits. In this instance, it has an advantage over specialty stores like Pets. Com, an online pet supplies store. It may not be practical to order products like pet food or other needs and have to wait several(prenominal) long time for the goods to arrive, or in the case of Furniture. Com which sells basically furniture items, it does not make sense when the shipping costs may be more than the cost of the item itself.Amazon. Com was also mindful of the critical success factors expounded by Turban et. L by forming powerful alliances with other companies in order to increase their market share. Examples are their collaboration with rival Borders, the introduction of the Amazons Associates and Affiliates Program, and partnerships with many other companies. I Nell alma to tall inelegance In e-commerce as tenet instruction execution goal (Eisenhower and Soul) was evident from the numerous partnerships and strategic alliances formed with other BBC enterprises.In order to attract customers, the website must be user-friendly and easy to navigate, which Amazon had taken action to ensure. This is another critical success factor commended by Turban et. Al which Amazon had taken heed of, which makes them succeed where Boo. Com had failed. Amazon also offer personalized shopping rec ommendations, which add value to customers shopping experience. On the other hand, Boo. Com operated a complicated Web site which relied heavily on JavaScript and Flash, and their web page was very slow to load. This became a distinct evil especially during the time when Internet connection was usually dial-up.For many of the failed companies, the focus was not on creating value for customers but more to establish the companys worth. Amazon on the other hand placed priority on enhancing customer experience and trust which ultimately will translate to customer obedience and repeat purchases. This strategy has of all time been in place since its early days and is articulated in their annual reports. According to their tradition, the annual reports will always carry a reprint of their 1997 Letter to Shareholders, in which they had stated their fealty to this mission.As Jeff Bozos stated in their 2008 Annual Report, their pricing objective is to earn customers trust (Appendix Messag e from Jeff Bozos to shareholders of Amazon. Com). Amazon. Mom has already established its dominance in the BBC heavens and is now one of the biggest and most popular online store in the world. Their success can be attributed to the fact that they have strong strategies in place. In order to maintain their position as the leader in e-commerce, Amazon must ensure that all these strategies continue to be adopted and further levyd.Amazon will have to unendingly upgrade their website to keep abreast of technology development. Amazon has one of the most easy-to-use e-commerce platform in the world. They are constantly improving on their technology base with the aim to enhance customer experience and meet customers expectations. They are able to provide personalized recommendations for customers, based on feedback provided by the customers on their likes and dislikes, tracks customers browsing history and viewing records.They compensate track a visitors recently viewed items even up though the person was not a member at that point in time, or signed on to the account earlier. That is how customer-centric the company is, and how they make use of technology to enhance customer experience. Another example of the use of technology to meet customer needs is their launch of Kindle 2, which is an improved version of Kindle, a wireless reading device that is capable of holding 1,500 books and weighs a unmixed 10. 2 ounce.Digital books purchased are delivered within 60 seconds, and customers can enjoy their reading anywhere, anytime wilt ten mainly module evolve. Having learnt from the experience of those failed dot-comes which did not consume viable business models unlike Amazon, new players in e-commerce must now ensure that they draw up an effective marketing strategy so that they can attract customers to their site to generate sales. To become successful, companies embarking in the BBC business must reengineering their business process to suit the needs of the cha nging purlieu and business rules.While a viable business model is important, its successful capital punishment can only be possible through process re-engineering that covers various aspects of the value chain. The fundamental area that needs to be targeted for process reengineering is in Sales and order management. In Amazons case, customers can track the delivery of their orders, and this creates a sense of trust in the customers when they know the exact location in the shipment of the goods ordered. Amazon has always placed priority and strong value on developing top class customer service so that customers remain loyal to them, as this will generate repeat orders.Customer satisfaction can be achieved when the company is able provide a variety of products and services that meets their expectation. While the company expands its coverage and market reach, it must be able to develop a good distribution channel so that customers can expect to receive their goods in the shortest pos sible time. This will be possible through leveraging on the network of suppliers, business customers, partners and even their competitors. Amazon. Com has now become an icon of the e-commerce community.

The Thoughtful Forecaster

Becoming a thoughtful forecaster is of the essence(p) to the teaching of any company today. Understanding the pecuniary aspects of your company tail end be the deal-breaking point of whether your company is a successful one or not. In the case, The Thoughtful Forecaster, we encounter that sometimes you are right and sometimes you are wrong, which is partially due to ones incline. We also learn that being a thoughtful forecaster involves trial and era. It isnt comfy but throughout the processes you start to understand the pecuniary relationships within your disdain.The financial controls provide instruction needed in order to make a proper analysis and provides you with the historical strengths and weaknesses of your traffic. The income statement, also known as the profit-and-loss statement, is utilized to measure the flow of cost, revenue, and profits over a peak of time. The balance sheet gives an over discern of business enthronizations and the financing in a partic ular time. Together these two statements can give a thorough outlook of the businesss performance and a better understanding of the mechanics that make up the business ope proportionalityns.Interpreting and utilizing financial ratios is an important way to evolve into a successful financial forecaster. Examining a businesss performance implicates ripening rank, margins, turnover, and return on investments. Growth rates capture the year-on-year change in percentage of a particular termination item. It can be separated into two growth measures unit growth and price growth. Unit growth is the growth of revenue due to an join on in units sold. Price growth is the growth revenue due to an outgrowth in the price of each unit.Margin ratios are the percentages of revenue that has not been consumed by any business costs. Margins also measure the cost structure of the business which includes important definitions/ratios. These are gross margin, operating margin, and net profit margin. derangement ratios are utilize to measure productivity, or efficiency, of business assets. It is created by dividing a measure of volume from the income statement by a measure of investment from the balance sheet.There are several measures of turnover and they include receivable turnover, caudex turnover, PPE turnover, asset turnover, total capital turnover, and payable turnover. An alternative form of beat the asset productivity is in days, which takes the investment amount dissever by the volume, which is then multiplied by 365 days. The resulting arrive is the average number of days in a year that an investment item is held by the business. Return on investments (ROI), is the profit generated per dollar of investment and the measure for cypher return on investments.This measure includes pretax return on assets, return on capital (ROC), and return on equity (ROE). Financial ratios are usable in call financial statements beca enjoyment they show the relationships across fi nancial-statement line items of the past. The financial models can be helpful in identifying the impact of assumptions on the forecast. closely financial models are composed in excel through a spreadsheet. By doing this it makes it easier to see the assumptions for the different forecast scenarios but it is also used to correct any of the assumptions that were inaccurately made.The forecasting process should go hand-in-hand with the aeonian economic changes and you should take into consideration the industry and economy wide pressures it endures. These pressures include inflation, price-growth assumptions, and any economic recessions. Industry reality should also be taken into place and here you should consider business profitability and follow the guidelines that confine a business to ache lavishlyer or lower profitability. Having a high profitability does not always mean a high performance.It is important to recognize that the strategy of competitors do not stand still, and your forecasting should be adjusted when needed according to aggressive competition. Two elements that make up a problem in business forecasting are optimism preconception and overconfidence bias. Optimism bias is stated as a systematic confirming error in the expected value of an unknown quantity. Overconfidence bias is a systematic negative error in the expected magnetic declination of an unknown quantity. It is a difficult task but it is important to have an unbiased outlook for the forecast, which is done by having estimated high-side and a low-side scenarios.When forecasting the financial statements of the Maytag Corporation for the end of 2004, the companys annual report provided me information from the income statement and the balance sheet from the previous two years. On thither is calculations and a variety of ratios including the sales growth to return on assets. The ratio analysis gives us a sense of the trends in the business performance. succeeding(prenominal) it s hows that a thoughtful forecaster would need to make assumptions into the future.Although these arent alone accurate, they can give us a clearer more centralized view of the analysis. With the qualitative/quantitative research and the historical data that was given we can assume the company will maintain its position in a declining industry. An increased entry of foreign competition will lead to nobody sales growth for Maytag in 2004. Although all the events of 2004 cannot be predicted with the guidance and use of thoughtful analysis, we can conclude a reasonable and unbiased prediction of future performance has been represented.