The Best-Engineered Part is No Part (NCR) essays

The Best-Engineered Part is No Part (NCR) essays On-line Discussion: The Best-Engineered Part is No Part (NCR) Question: What development problems has the NCR approach overcome? NCR has proven through the new design, construction and implementation of the new 2760 electronic cash register that they have overcome many hurdles and stereotypical ways of approaching of design and manufacturing. NCR has used the design for manufacturability (DFM) process in their approach in developing and manufacturing the 2760 cash register. One of the first ideas that was used by NCR to support the DFM concept was concurrent engineering. NCR used a cross-functional integration and concurrent development for the 2760. This was evidenced in the article by the way PCB and plastics housings and other elements were developed simultaneously. This eliminated lag time associated with the throw it over the wall philosophy previously used between design engineering and manufacturing. This facilitated an expedient way of simultaneous engineering the product to get it to market more quickly. This was evidenced in the article by in just 24 months from development the 2760 was introduced in the market. Also all departments (team effort) had say in its design and manufacturability to ensure confidence in the product. By using computer modeling (CAD) throughout the concept and design phases and with the use of software for ease of manufacturing (Boothroyd Dewhurst Inc) this helped in a tremendous way for combining/eliminated parts and configuring the 2760 manufacturability. Even though the screw and fasteners and other small parts are an overhead and incidental cost, they can combine as shown in the article for up to 75% of the total assembly cost. A benefit of computer aided design is that it helps verify compatibility with other components and verify tolerance requirements, without having to construct models. This could have been both very costly and time consuming, if ...

List of Supplies for High School Students

List of Supplies for High School Students One of the best ways to  be successful in high school is to have  a complete set of study items on hand. Not only will you be prepared for just about every assignment, youll also avoid time-consuming last-minute trips to the store.   General Supplies for All Grades Some supplies are necessary to have  year after year, no matter what grade youre in. Right before the new school year begins, invest in these items and youll be good to go. You dont have to spend a lot of money to have a full stock of supplies. Many of these items can be found at dollar and other discount stores. Backpack3-ring binderPocket foldersNotebook DividersColored pencilsNo. 2 pencilsErasersPencil sharpenerPencil casePensHighlightersMarkersLined notebook paperGraph paperSpiral notebooksComputer printer paperFlash driveGlue stickHand sanitizerLocker organizersOrganizer/plannerPaper clipsScissorsStapler3-hole punchPoster paintsPoster paperPublic library card Extra supplies might be necessary as well but will differ from school to school and class to class. Check with your teachers for specifics. Supplies for 9th  Grade Students beginning their first year of high school may take a variety of classes. Depending on your course schedule, supplies may vary. Algebra I Scientific calculator with fraction key Geometry Scientific calculator with fraction keyCircular protractorRuler marked with inches and centimetersCompass Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary  (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 10th  Grade Many students are likely to take the following classes in 10th  grade. Depending on your course schedule, supplies may vary. Algebra II Scientific calculator with fraction key Geometry Scientific calculator with fraction keyCircular protractorRuler marked with inches and centimetersCompass Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary  (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 11th Grade Juniors should be prepared for typical 11th-grade classes by having these supplies on hand: Biology II Science/Biology dictionary (or  smartphone app) Calculus Graphing calculator, such as TI-83 or 86 Accounting Four-function calculator with percent key Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 12th  Grade Plan for these typical senior-year classes with the following items: Marketing Four-function calculator with percent key Statistics Scientific calculator with fraction key Chemistry or Physics Scientific calculator Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Additional Supplies If your familys budget allows, these items will also be helpful in your studies: Laptop or Notebook Computer: You will likely have access to a computer lab on campus or at the public library, but a laptop or notebook computer with a click-on keyboard will allow you to do your work anywhere.Smartphone:  While your teachers will likely not allow phones in the classroom, having access to a smartphone will enable you to use a wealth of education-related apps and websites.Printer/Scanner:  Although you may be able to print your work out on your schools printers, having one at home is much more convenient- and it will allow you to check your work more easily. Make sure to get one with scanning capabilities. Scanners can be used to  create study guides from your books, which will help you in everything from preparing for tests to writing a research paper.Post-Itâ„ ¢ Easel Pads:  This item is useful for brainstorming, especially in a study-group setting. Its basically a pad of giant sticky notes that you can fill with ideas and list items and then stick to a  wall or any other surface.   Smartpen by Livescribe:  This is a favorite tool for math students, who may get it during a lecture in class, but then lose it when they sit down to work the problems on their own. The Smartpen  will allow you to  record a lecture while taking notes, and then afterward  place the pen tip on any word or drawing and listen to the part of the lecture that was taking place when those notes were recorded.

Business Risk in an Uncertain Global Economy Essay

Business Risk in an Uncertain Global Economy - Essay Example Thus, in the coming years, such an environment would potentially continue to disturb the business houses across the world. Therefore, so as to remain competitive and preserve their business in such competitive environment, companies have to ascertain that they respond spontaneously and are agile enough to adjust to the changing business environment (Economist Intelligent Intelligence Unit Limited, 2009). Consequently, in an atmosphere where businesses have to encounter continuous change, companies depend on strategic management of their business risk. In this regard, a number of business firms depend on long-term strategies, while on the other hand others rely on short-term policies to deal with the aggressive and demanding business atmosphere (Oliver Wight International, 2008). This paper would focus on the challenges and risks associated in conducting business in an uncertain global economy. The risks can be of various forms and they can be inherent as well as can arise from the di fferent strategies adopted by the business organizations. In addition to comprehending the associated risks and challenges of operating in an unstable economic environment, this paper would emphasize on the various techniques used by financial managers to tackle such business risks while trading and investing in nations outside the firm’s home country. Global Challenges faced in an unstable economic environment As already discussed, business organization can adopt either short term or long term strategies. Both long term and short-term management policies plays a vital role in the efficient business market. However, the business policies that emphasize on escalating the near-term returns are also likely to threaten the enduring financial value of the business by taking up considerable risks and taking in short-range thinking in the business and its numerous operating segments. This is predominantly accurate for firms functioning in the financial industry. The short-term busin ess outlook of companies makes it critical to encounter and tackle the challenges of operating in unstable global economy and can be highly detrimental for the companies themselves. Several researches have illustrated that a vast number of chief financial officers would abstain from possible future economic value in order to realize the investor eagerness and expectations for immediate positive returns. In majority of the cases, the systemic risks, wide-ranging impacts and irreversible costs of short-term management policies are being rated too low or underestimated (Forum for the Future, 2011). To put it in simpler terms, the tangible gains that can be acquired in the immediate future by the execution of short-term policies by and large make the business firms, principally those functioning in the financial services industry to neglect the long-term intangible gains that could help in the enduring sustainability of the firm. In general, it has been widely stated that a big number o f companies have started following a short-term thinking style. However, Brochet et al., (2012) have stated in their editorial named, â€Å"

Marketing Plan 2007 for NESCAF Coffee (Nestle) Assignment

Marketing Plan 2007 for NESCAF Coffee (Nestle) - Assignment Example In 1996, Nescafe Kenjara was added to the range. (Nestle, UK) External Marketing Audit: In 1939 Nescafe was introduced in Britain and coffee production started at the Hayes factory. In 1954 Nescafe was made with 100% coffee. The company's technology in 1964 helped it to retain the coffee aroma in Nescafe. Nescafe Original decaf was launched in 1998, and today there is a whole range of instant Nescafe coffees available to suit every taste. (Nestle, UK). Nestle has been continuously improving its instant coffees using new technologies and much innovation. It was the first manufacturer in the UK to introduce coffee with a new rich aroma to enhance the coffee flavour. The market: Nescafe has been around for many years since 1937 and for many years it has been the number one instant coffee brand in the UK. Nescafe, of course, has to contend with competition from other brands. One such brand is the Good African Coffee (GAC), formerly known as Rwenzori Finest Coffee. President of Uganda predicted that one day Good African Coffee would become a household brand like "Nescafe". Another competing brand is Kenco Instant Coffee, one of the UK's leading coffee brands. ... During 1962 the company changed its name to the Kenco Coffee Company. Baby Milk Action, which campaigns against the aggressive marketing of baby milk in the Third World, blacklisted Nescafe Partners Blend, produced by Nestlewhose activities in the baby milk market have attracted most opprobrium from such campaign groups. In 2005, Kraft Foods, the world's second biggest food company, predicted that within the next decade, 60% to 80% of the coffee market would be taken up by products with independent certification for fairtrade issues. Ethical marketing: Nestle and its product, Nescafe, have to cope with this fact in their external environment facet of their marketing activities in 2007. Market share: In terms of market share, Nescafe is the nation's default coffee of choice valued at 375m. Internal Marketing Audit: Product development Packaging can be used to help in establishing product differentiation. Marketing Objectives: Generally, the objective of marketing a firm's product is to help the firm achieve its objective of maximising profit. Ethical marketing Marketing mix: One of the important concepts in marketing is that of the marketing mix. A product can be marketed on three levels. The core product is the benefit which the product delivers to customers. It is benefits which customers actually buy and not products, so benefits and not products should be marketed. A product's physical features represent the tangible product, i.e. quality, style, dimensions, packaging etc. This is the second product level on which a marketing strategy may be built. A Marketing technique: Sales of Nescafe have been growing ever since 1938 when Nestle launched the first commercially successful soluble coffee. The Group

Democracy and Technology Essay Example for Free

Democracy and Technology Essay While technologies such as the use of internet and e-democracy have made the dissemination of ideas quicker, they have also resulted in the increase in a groups power to manipulate general opinion. The technologies aiding democracy today, such as computers, satellites, radio, telephones and television have undeniably changed the face of modern democracy. What constitute positive spill outs of these technologies for democracy also in some cases have a detrimental effect on it. While it increases the reach among people and nations, enriching both formal and business communication, it also provides these opportunities to fundamentalists to create rumours and channels individuals or a group of people against democracy. However a little caution such as verifying the news from multiple sources will easily reveal these elements and thus the negative influence of misleading a large group of rational individuals can be easily curtailed. The rise in literacy level and the positive trend of e-democracy deepens the process of democracy and empowers the individuals not only to have a say in the election of their government as earlier, but also empowers the citizens to have greater say in the decision making process of the government. With increasing literacy levels, as the citizens become more aware of the power of technology, they will find it easier to organise themselves for pressing on social, economic and political reforms from the government at helm thus ushering a truly democratic era where the citizens role is not only limited to electing their representatives but also to correct them if they are being found negligent in fulfilling their duties. However for this to happen in the future, it should be ensured that technology and their benefits are not limited to a select few in the upper echelons of society and that they are made available to those at the lowest level for complete integration of the masses to the democracy. References Allison, Juliann Emmons. (2002). Technology, development, and democracy. SUNY Press.

Peer Grading Does Not Violate the Privacy Law in Schools Essay

Peer Grading Does Not Violate the Privacy Law in Schools In 1998 in Owasso, Oklahoma, mother Kristja Falvo sued the Owasso Independent School District because she claimed that her children were ridiculed when their grades were read out loud in class by classmates. Falvo says that when teachers have students grade each other's papers, the 1974 federal law protecting the privacy of educational records is violated. This is such a controversial subject that it has not been resolved as of today. This paper argues that peer grading does not violate the privacy law. One argument in favor of peer grading is that it offers a student feedback on minor lessons, and it allows teachers to focus on curriculum, creativity, and grading major tests and papers (Grading). However, some psychologists view the practice of grading work in class as potentially damaging to students' self-esteem. Some students may be teased for getting good grades, or those who struggle in class work may also be ridiculed (Grading). Regardless of the grading practice, students are going to be teased by their peers. ...

Choosing a Right University Essay

Choosing a university is a serious life-decision, because a university is a model of the real world and a place to stay for four years. In a university, we can chase for genuine knowledge, expand social networking, and learn about how to interact with people, etc. If we choose the wrong school, we might miss a lot of opportunities to learn and experience. In order to choose the right university, we have three important factors to consider: academic resources, activity resources, and accessibility. Since studying is the first priority for a university student, there is no doubt that we should first consider whether the school contains the academic resources that fit our interest . On one hand, if the students have interests in disciplinary fields, then they should choose a comprehensive university instead of a single field university. On the other hand, for students who have interest in specific field, they should choose the school that is dominant in that particular field. That is to say, to investigate whether the school owns the academic capability of the field that we are curious about is vital. Besides studying, how the students spend their free time is the second important factor to think about. Do the students spend all their spare time fooling around, or play on-line games? Or do they have various opportunities to experience life? In other words, we have to know whether the school offers chances of meaningful experiences for student to explore the world, such as international conferences, enlightened speeches, exchange programs, volunteering works and student clubs, etc. After viewing academic and extracurricular resources provided by the school, we can then take a look at the accessibility of the school. The reason why the accessibility of school need to be considered carefully is because there are still lots of things happen out of the campus. For example, exhibitions, intern, and speeches etc. all take place in the city center. As a result, we need to check whether we have the convenient access to the city center, for having chances to get connection with the real world. Choosing an ideal university is a complicated matter, but follow the factors which mentioned above might help us cross out some unsuitable options. To conclude, first is to know about the academic background of the school, then to see what extracurricular opportunities the school offers, and finally to know whether the access from to the real world is convenient or not.

Solar Heated Grill

Solar Heated Grill ABSTRACT This study aimed to find out if an old shoebox  and a thick tin foil can be converted to amore useful piece of cooking equipment. The feasibility of reflective solar heated grillthat is built from a cardboard box, tin foil, and  posterboard as an alternative cookingequipment  was studied  in this  research project. The cardboard box  was cut  andshaped. the tin foil is settled in the middle making it looks like a slide. we go outside inthe heat of the sun. the  barbeque sticks were placed in the  spot where reflection of thesunlight focuses  on the hotdog . just like a  real skewer  the hotdog were cooked therefor minutes. asted it. and voila. real hotdogs on stick  just like mom used to cook. General Objective: This study thru physics aims to find out if an old shoe carton box can be useful to makean alternative cooking machine. Materials/Equipment: 1. Two pieces of heavy cardboard (like the side  of a cardboard carton). The fi rst piecemust be at least ten inches squareand the second smaller piece must be  at least four inches by five inches. 2. A piece of light posterboard eight inches wide  and sixteen inches long. 3. Twelve-inch wide aluminum foil. (You will use about 32 inches of the  material. ) 4. Some masking tape. You may experiment with other types of tape. ) 5. Nine inch long sticks about 1/16 inch in diameter. You may also use lengths of heavywire. Procedure Select a long narrow box; the longer the  box the more heat  collection is possible. Choose a focal length between 5†³ and 10†³Ã‚  and design a parabolic curve as seenin the picture. One template could be  used for all the cookers. Trace the curve onthe open end of the  box so that it is centered and straight2. Cut out the curve with a utility knife. Stress the importance of being exact. Measure and cut a piece of posterboard that will fix flush against the opening tothe box.Attach this with tape beginning at the cen ter and working toward toedges. Cover the curve with white glue and apply  aluminum foil shiny side out. Start inthe middle and smooth toward the edges. Try not to wrinkle or fold the foil; youwant it as smooth as possible Use two scraps of cardboard taped to each side as supports. Using the sun or aprojector light, test the focal point. There should be a  bright spot where light isconcentrated; mark this spot and punch  a hole for the skewer. Use a section  of acoat hanger from which the paint has  been removed for a skewer

How to Do Research Paper Writing. Outline and Examples.

How to Do Research Paper Writing. Outline and Examples. Here is the complete information about the research paper writing. What Is a Research Paper? A research paper is the culmination product of an involved process of critical thinking, research, organization, composition and source evaluation. In other words, it is an extended essay that presents your own interpretation or argument or evaluation of the information you discover with absolute documentation of the sources. When writing a research paper, you build your thought about the question and make a purposeful attempt to find out what experts write or know. Have your hands full with urgent tasks? No stress anymore!  Ã‚  is ready to  make your college life easier. Here well tell you how to write a research paper and offer you a list of research paper topics. But if you wish to have your research paper written by our professional writers, place an order. Research Paper Outline Most courses in the university involve some extended writing assignments, often in the form of a research paper. The papers always require a student to identify a broad area of research related to the course. Becoming an experienced researcher in any field takes a great deal of practice. Remember, even the most seasoned academic writers had to learn how to write a research paper at a given time of their career. Here is the basic research paper outline: Research Paper Title Page The title should tell the reader what to expect in your research paper, addressing keywords that will be used in the literature review. It must include the author(s): full name and affiliation for persons who might have questions about the research. Research Paper Abstract The abstract is used by readers to quickly review the overall content of your research paper. It should provide a complete synopsis of the research paper, introduce the topics and specific research questions. It must provide a statement regarding the methodology and the general statement about the finding and results. It is often written last because it is the summary of the whole research paper. Research Paper Introduction It introduces the overall topic and provides the basic background information. Introduction narrows down the research questions relating to your study. It either gives the focus and purpose for the rest of your research paper or sets up the entire justification for the research paper. Research Paper Methods This section describes the methodology and research design used to complete the study. For instance, you should provide the context and setting of the study, population if applicable, specify the study design, identify the main study variables, sampling strategy, outline analysis methods and data collection procedures and instruments. Research Paper Results What did you find? This section focuses only on results that are related to your research question, and not their significance. However, the results presented will depend on whether the study was qualitative or quantitative. Tables and graphs should only be used when you have too much data that cannot be efficiently included within the text. Research Paper Discussion Give information that interprets your results like the main finding of the study, strengths, and limitation of the results, practice and policy implications of the results. The hypothesis should be to give the answers as validated by your interpretation of the results. It should also discuss how your findings relate to the previous research. Research Paper  Conclusions Do not mention the discussion or the data. State inferences, hunches or speculation and offer the perceptions of future work. References/Bibliography Here, you ensure you cite all the references made in your paper to other sources of information and research studies. This should be laid out according to the specified format, including APA, MLA, Chicago, Oxford and other formats as directed by your professor. Check out our FREE APA REFERENCING TOOL How to Write a Successful Research Paper A research paper is your thought on a given topic, informed by the research you have done. It is a daunting process for both new and experienced writers alike. Here is our step by step guide to help you keep focused down to the path of a successful research paper. 1. Getting started.  Sit down with your computer and identify tasks and build a schedule. Identify the milestone for all steps involved in research and writing process. Check your final due date, and take some time to scheme the task ahead of you before you get started. Ensure you understand your assignment: type, research paper format, and length. 2. Select a topic.  The topic of the research paper is what you want to write about. Narrow the topic by reading the background articles on general references, the internet, magazine, encyclopedia or talk to your professor and peers, while jotting down main ideas. 3.  Set your objective.  Before you start your research, you need to compose a thesis statement, which describes your viewpoint concerning the research. Because your aim is to prove the validity of your thesis, your thesis statement offers a controlling idea that will enable you to choose the resource materials and limit your note taking. 4. Research and  take notes.  List the potential sources of information. Apart from the card catalog and guides for reference books, there are other important sources that can help you locate books and articles relevant to your topic. Often look for unique sources that can distinguish and strengthen your paper. 5. Create an outline for a research paper.  Your outline should reflect the organization format you have selected for your paper, depending on the topic and the thesis statement. It is a process of organizing your thoughts to help you write your research paper. Consider what points you will include, the introduction, the order of the points and how you plan to conclude. 6. Write the draft.  After you have completed creating the outline for a research paper, you can begin to write your draft. At this point, you need not worry about the grammar, spelling, typos, and style. Instead, you should concentrate on content based on your outline. It only consists of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. 7. Edit your paper.  When you are through with the draft, edit it, paying close attention to the organization and content of the paper. Is each idea supported by evidence? Do the paragraphs have topic sentences that relate to your thesis? Are there clear transitions in one paragraph to the other? Let your paper ideas or arguments support the research and structure. 8. Bibliography and citations.  Give credit to the sources of ideas, facts, and quotations that have included in your research paper to avoid plagiarism. In fact, documenting your sources of information, allow your leaders to follow your thought process and see how you creatively built upon the thoughts. 9. Formatting.  Depending on the formatting style your professor instructed you to use (APA/MLA/Chicago/Oxford), the title page should be part of the title of the research paper, the instructor’s name, your name, the name of the course and the date the paper is due. 10. Proofread and submit.  A professional proofreading is the last step that enables you to submit your paper in the best light possible. Don’t skip this step! Correct the grammar, spelling and punctuation errors, and mistakes that your system could not catch. Double check the formatting, plus bibliography and citations. If everything is right, submit! How to Start a Research Paper Writing a research paper is a challenge to many college and university students. One of the biggest problems for many students is how to get started. Choosing the topic and doing the research might be half the battle, but starting an introduction always proves to be a daunting task. If done effectively, starting a research paper would be simple and can help you write the whole paper quickly. Here is how to start a research paper: Choose a topic and research it thoroughly.  One problem most students run into when starting a research paper is failing to do proper research on the chosen topic. Research is not all about gathering resources; it involves reading and digesting the source material. Make sure you understand the topic. Create an outline of your research paper.  You must understand the direction of your research paper before you write an effective introduction. Your main aim should be to summarize the research in one or more paragraphs, without giving away the conclusion. Draft the opening paragraph.  Write several opening paragraphs, completing each independently. Write the introduction without directly relying on the structure, but it doesn’t mean you ignore your paper outline. You must look at the resource material when writing the introduction. Choose the best draft of your introduction.  Choose one of the best versions of your draft and revise it. Make sure you have the introduction ready before moving to the body of your research. The introduction should indicate its importance of the future research of your paper, summarize and describe the extent of your research. Critique the introduction.  Ask your friends, teacher or professor read the introduction: it must conform to the requirements of the assignment. Remember, a well-written introduction will automatically flow. How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper When you reach the conclusion of your research paper, you probably think there is hardly anything left to include, right! However, writing a conclusion for a research paper is crucial for anyone doing research papers. Here is how to write a research paper conclusion: Research Paper Topics Finding a research paper topic is one of the most challenging steps in writing a research paper. Focus on a broad topic, find topic ideas and be creative in the process. Here is a list of research topics you can use: business crime and law, drugs and drug abuse education environment family issues media and communication health, psychology political issues social issues, religion women and gender terrorism Weve got a great list of research paper topics for you: 60 Best  Research Paper Topics Generally, students have higher expectations of themselves when writing a research paper because they believe the paper has to be perfect. The paper should be clear and thoughtful, written to the point and say things that make sense. Research about what other scholars have written about the topic and the formulating your own theories and ideas based on the existing knowledge and data. At , we understand the importance of adhering to your deadline. Obviously, the sooner you let us know about your term paper the better. However, we have also successfully completed assignments with seemingly impossible due dates on time, rendering our services with the same high quality of writing. Therefore, if you can see how busy the road ahead of you will be or if youre down to the wire, contact us. We will be glad to help. General pricing plan for the Research Paper writing is as follows (prices are in US dollars, cost per page) #get_view(blocks/prices2.php)

The 11 Natural Log Rules You Need to Know

The 11 Natural Log Rules You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re taking a high school or college math class, you’ll likely cover natural logs.But what are natural logs? What is ln? Why does the letter e keep showing up? Natural logs may seem difficult, but once you understand a few key natural log rules, you’ll be able to easily solve even very complicated-looking problems.In this guide, we explain the four most important natural logarithm rules, discuss other natural log properties you should know, go over several examples of varying difficulty, and explain how natural logs differ from other logarithms. What Is ln? The natural log, or ln, is the inverse of e. The letter ‘e’ represents a mathematical constant also known as the natural exponent.Like π, e is a mathematical constant and has a set value. The value of e is equal to approximately 2.71828. e appears in many instances in mathematics, including scenarios about compound interest, growth equations, and decay equations.ln(x) is the time needed to grow to x, whileexis the amount of growth that has occurred after time x. Because e is used so commonly in math and economics, and people in these fields often need to take the logarithm with a base of e of a number to solve an equation or find a value, the natural log was created as a shortcut way to write and calculate log base e. The natural log simply lets people reading the problem know that you're taking the logarithm, with a base of e, of a number. So ln(x) = loge(x). As an example,ln(5) = loge(5) = 1.609. The 4 Key Natural Log Rules There are four main rules you need to know when working with natural logs, and you’ll see each of them again and again in your math problems. Know these well because they can be confusing the first time you see them, and you want to make sure you have basic rules like these down solid before moving on to more difficult logarithm topics. Product Rule ln(x)( y) = ln(x) + ln(y) The natural log of the multiplication of x and y is the sum of the ln of x and ln of y. Example: ln(8)(6) = ln(8) + ln(6) Quotient Rule ln(x/y) = ln(x) - ln(y) The natural log of the division of x and y is the difference of the ln of x and ln of y. Example: ln(7/4) = ln(7) - ln(4) Reciprocal Rule ln(1/x)=−ln(x) The natural log of the reciprocal of x is the opposite of the ln of x. Example: ln(⅓)= -ln(3) Power Rule ln(xy) = y * ln(x) The natural log of x raised to the power of y is y times the ln of x. Example: ln(52) = 2 * ln(5) Key Natural Log Properties In addition to the four natural logarithm rules discussed above, there are also several ln properties you need to know if you’re studying natural logs. Have these memorized so you can quickly move onto the next step of the problem without wasting time trying to remember common ln properties. Scenario ln Property ln of a Negative Number The ln of a negative number is undefined ln of 0 ln(0) is undefined ln of 1 ln(1)=0 ln of Infinity ln(∞)= ∞ ln of e ln(e)=1 ln of e raised to the x power ln(ex) = x e raised to the ln power eln(x)=x As you can see from the final three rows, ln(e)=1, and this is true even if one is raised to the power of the other. This is because the ln and eare inverse functions of each other. Natural Log Sample Problems Now it’s time to put your skills to the test and ensure you understand the ln rules by applying them to example problems. Below are three sample problems. Try to work them out on your own before reading through the explanation. Problem 1 Evaluate ln (72/5) First, we use the quotient rule to get: ln(72) - ln(5). Next, we use the power rule to get: 2ln(7) -ln(5). If you don’t have a calculator, you can leave the equation like this, or you can calculate the natural log values: 2(1.946) - 1.609 = 3.891 - 1.609 = 2.283. Problem 2 Evaluate ln(e) /7 For this problem, we need to remember than ln(e)=1 This means the problem simplifies to 1/7, which is our answer Problem 3 Solve ln (5x-6)=2 When you have multiple variables within the ln parentheses, you want to make e the base and everything else the exponent of e. Then you’ll get ln and e next to each other and, as we know from the natural log rules, eln(x)=x. So, the equation becomes eln(5x-6)=e2 Since eln(x)=x, eln(5x-6)= 5x-6 Therefore 5x-6= e2 Since e is a constant, you can then figure out the value of e2, either by using the e key on your calculator or using e’s estimated value of 2.718. 5x-6 =7.389 Now we’d add 6 to both sides 5x= 13.389 Finally, we’d divide both sides by 5. x= 2.678 How Are Natural Logs Different From Other Logarithms? As a reminder, a logarithm is the opposite of a power. If you take the log of a number, you’re undoing the exponent.The key difference between natural logs and other logarithms is the base being used. Logarithms typically use a base of 10 (although it can be a different value, which will be specified), while natural logs will always use a base of e. This means ln(x)=loge(x) If you need to convert between logarithms and natural logs, use the following two equations: log10(x)= ln(x) / ln(10) ln(x) = log10(x)/ log10(e) Other than the difference in the base (which is a big difference) the logarithm rules and the natural logarithm rules are the same: Logarithm Rules ln Rules log(xy)=log(x)+log(y) ln(xy)= ln(x)+ln(y) log(x/y)=log(x)−log(y) ln(x/y)=ln(x)−ln(y) log(xa)= alog(x) ln(xa)= aln(x) log(10x)= x ln(ex)= x 10log(x)= x eln(x)= x Summary: Natural Log Rules The natural log, or ln, is the inverse of e.The rules of natural logs may seem counterintuitive at first, but once you learn them they’re quite simple to remember and apply to practice problems. The four main ln rules are: ln(x)( y) = ln(x) + ln(y) ln(x/y) = ln(x) - ln(y) ln(1/x)=−ln(x) n(xy) = y*ln(x) The key difference between natural logs and other logarithms is the base being used. What's Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about?Our guide to research paper topicshas over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius?We've got you covered!Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit(or vice versa). Taking the SAT or ACT?Students often struggle most with the Math section of these tests, but check out our comprehensive guides to SAT Math and ACT Math for everything you need to know to ace these math questions.

Direct and Relationship Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct and Relationship Marketing - Case Study Example In the light of the preceding nuances this report presents an explanation and exploration of the principles and application of relationship marketing and retention planning in relation to the case scenario presented on the Dwyers Bathrooms Company. The relationship marketing model holds that service providers can capitalise on offering a broad ranging list of services and products. The model can be well applied when there are alternatives for clients to choose from. Dwyers Bathrooms have created a feasible range of services and products that provide a working foundation for the more intensive implementation and enhancements of the relationship marketing stratagem. Upon providing the core services comprising the supplying and installing of mid-range bathroom suites, Dwyers have also developed a new make-over service which focuses on repairs on bathroom fixtures, tiles, seals and grouting. Dwyers can cash in on this development by enlightening their clients on the new services and products that they are now offering. The application of relationship marketing in various services and product provision domains has been characterised by the development and use of various customer relationship management schemes that allow the observation and assessment of each customer's preferences and dislikes. Dwyers still has a long way to go in tapping the merits of this relationship marketing dynamics. The only element of this kind that Dwyers have implemented has been the customer satisfaction surveys carried out after an installation. The company has to develop and broaden the satisfaction assessment scope of the satisfaction assessment instrument. Also the company has to find means of soliciting information from clients their specific needs that Dwyers can supply upon the range of the products and services they are already offering. The company may consider applying a company tracking service schedules and contacting customers directly on product or service recalls. Dwyers has also not tapped the merits of the other effective element of relationship marketing, personalized marketing. In personalized marketing the main preference is given to the customer. This dimension entails building customer shopping or service purchasing profiles. Information obtained and compiled on customer shopping trends preferences and dislikes, etc, is used to compute and deduce the likelihood of the customer interest and/or preferences in other product/service categories. The likely preferences are conveyed to the clients through various communication channels that a company has in lace for contacting its clients. Although this is typically an internet tailored relationship marketing model, Dwyers is well suited to customize this model and cash in on the huge customer listings they already have. Dwyers must adopt means of conveying computed likely customer references through a way of making recommendations to the clients in via customers email listings, mail postages and any feasible communicative avenues that the company may devise. "Personalized market

Speech Night Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Night - Research Paper Example Stage 2 Below I have mentioned the important dates regarding the project. Start date: 19/12/2008 End date: 10/04/2008 Critical and non-critical activities Critical activities Non-critical activities Decide on date Program written Guest speakers invited Time for guest speaker to reply Choose prize winners Program printed Prize winners choose their prizes Invitations to guest speakers printed Speeches written Inform parents and send invitations Book hall Decorate hall Dress rehearsal for the evening Music items arranged Musicians practice for event Order flowers Prizes stamped and put in order of Presentation Thank you gift bought for guest speakers Supper arranged Work Breakdown Structure Activity NO. Level 1 Level 2 1. Decide on date 2. Analysis event 3. Gather requirements 4. Decide date 5. Program written 6. Analyze the main satiation 7. Decide main events 8. Write program 9. Program printed 10. Program printed 11. Invitations to guest speakers printed 12. Prepare main list of people 13. Post the Invitation 14. Guest speakers invited 15. Guest speakers invited 16. Time for guest speaker to reply 17. Waiting for the reply 18. Choose prize winners 19. Searching the best person for the category 20. Nomination person for the prize 21. Inform parents and send invitations 22. Prepare winner list 23. Post list to parents 24. Prize winners choose their prizes 25. Informing prize winners 26. Placing different prizes options 27. Speeches written 28. Speeches written 29. Book hall 30. Search for good rate and best quality